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Genetic Variability in Genotypes, Parents and Interspecies Hybrids of Hibiscus Cannabinus, H. Acetosella and H. Radiatus.

Mr. Md. Mahboob Hussain
PhD Thesis
Dept. of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural UniversityMymensingh-2202

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The genus Hibiscus belongs to Malvaceae, and H. cannabinus (kenaf) and H. sabdariffa (mesta) are the two most important bast fibre yielding cultivated species, next to jute. The present research was conducted on interspecies hybridization involving four species having different ploidy levels of the genus Hibiscus with the objective of transferring spiral borer resistance of wild species to kenaf in the Bangladesh Jute Research Institute. The genomic formulae for these species were determined as H. radiatus (2n = 4x = 72, AABB), H. acetosella (2n = 4x = 72, AABB), H. sabdariffa (2n = 4x = 72, XXYY/AAYY), and H. cannabinus (2n = 2x = 36, AA). Altogether 7 genotypes of 4 species were used in interspecies hybridization. The wild H. radiatus and H. acetosella were represented by single genotype each, Acc. 1822 and Acc. 4300 respectively. H. cannabinus was represented by one variety, HC 95 and H. sabdariffa, was by the variety, HS 24, breeding line 300M (fibre type) and two land races, Raikhali and Acc. 2065 (edible type). To select parental lines variability of 12 genotypes of each of H. cannabinus and H. sabdariffa and 3 genotypes of each of H. acetosella and H. radiatus were evaluated on 12 quantitative characters. The F₁s & their parents were identified through 20 morphological, 8 anatomical, 3 spiral borer resistance and RAPD parameters. Transgressiveness for plant height, nodes per plant and fresh weight without leaves were observed in all F₁s of single and trispecies crosses compared to their parents, indicated the hybridity of F1s. Dominance of the male parent showed by the F1s for stipule shape, epicalyx shape and capsule dehiscence also indicated hybridity. Trispecies crosses were made to incorporate the spiral borer resistance of H. acetosella into kenaf using H. radiatus as bridging species. The semi-sterile F₁ of H. radiatus × H. cannabinus was hybridized with the third species H. acetosella. Out of 8750 crosses 4354 were reciprocals. Number of sterile crosses were 6690 and 18205 seeds were obtained from 2060 fertile crosses. Total number of cross combinations were 20 including reciprocals. Of the cross combinations, the fertile cross combinations were H. radiatus × H. cannabinus, H. acetosella × H. cannabinus, H. radiatus × H. acetosella and with its reciprocal, H. acetosella × F₁ (H. radiatus × H. cannabinus), F₁ (H. radiatus × H. acetosella) × H. cannabinus and F₁ (H. acetosella × H. radiatus) × H. cannabinus. Out of 1995 crosses between 4 genotypes of H. sabdariffa and H. cannabinus, none were successful. Spiral borer resistance status of F1s differed significantly from the susceptible parents in respect of gall length, % plant infestation (PPI) and amount of plant damage (APD). All the F1s showed resistant reaction except F₁ of H. radiatus × H. cannabinus. Gall length of resistant parent H. acetosella was 4.65 cm which was statistically identical with the F1s of H. acetosella × H. radiatus (6.18 cm) and H. acetosella × F₁ (H. radiatus × H. cannabinus) (4.90 cm) indicated the transfer of resistance from H. acetosella to the desired F₁. Eight amplified bands observed in F₁s were absent in their respective ? parents indicating hybrid specificity. However, none of the five primers alone was able to detect all seven hybrids. Inheritance and infestation pattern in F₁ s indicated the chance of getting spiral borer resistant superior breeding lines in F₂ and following generations on careful selection.

Keywords: Genetic Variability ,Interspecies hybridization , Yield

Location: Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-00-0000

End Date: 00-00-0000

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Mesta

Objectives:

The present research was conducted on interspecies hybridization involving four species having different ploidy levels of the genus Hibiscus with the objective of transferring spiral borer resistance of wild species to kenaf in the Bangladesh Jute Research Institute.

Methodology:

Source of Information: PhD thesis of,Dept. of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Year 2012

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. Government

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Spiral borer is an aggressive pest of kenaf. A resistant kenaf variety is a must in order to extent its cultivation. For that reason distant hybridization was made and valuable recombinants were obtained.

Knowledge Management: Thesis