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Effect of Plant Extracts in Controlling Seed Borne Fungal Diseases of Okra

N. Akter
Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202

M.M. Hossain
Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202

A. Debnath
Department of Plant Pathology,Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Thirty seed samples were collected from different seed stores of Mymensingh. Eight different fungi such as Colletotrichum dematium, Macrophomina phaseolina, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium moniliformae, Cercospora spp, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium spp. were recorded. Effect of plant extracts viz., chirota and garlic at 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4 and 1:5 dilution were evaluated for germination and seed health status of okra seeds. Both chirota extract and garlic extract at 1:1 ratio showed better performance in case of germination and seed health. Vitavax-200 was found most effective to control the seed-borne fungi. Bavistin 50 WP also showed promising performance in controlling seed-borne fungi.

Keywords: Plant extracts, Management, Seed borne, Fungal diseases, Okra

Location: Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-01-2007

End Date: 00-03-2008

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Okra

Objectives:

To find out the effect of chirota and garlic extracts on the controlling of seed born fungal diseases of okra seed collected from different location of Mymensingh district.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted at Seed Pathology Center (SPC), Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), and Mymensingh. The experiment was carried out during January 2007 to March 2008 using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 replications. In total 30 seed sample were collected from different locations of Mymensingh district in January and February, 2007. Seed samples were kept in paper bags and preserved in refrigerator at 4±1° C. One hundred seeds were randomly taken from each sample and tested following the method of ISTA (1976). After 7 days of incubation, each incubated seed was examined and presence of fungi were determined. A composite seed sample was made with the highest seed-borne infection and subjected for seed treatment. The incubated seeds were observed individually to record the incidence of seed- borne fungi following the keys outlined by Khan and Islam (1975). Two plant extracts viz., chirota (Chirota grandis) and garlic (Allium sativum) were used for the experiment. The extracts were prepared by crushing the plant parts in a blender with distilled water at 1:1 ratio (100 g plant material crushed in 100 ml water) mean 1:3, 1:4 and 1:5 dilutions were prepared with water. The extracts were filtered through cheese cloth. Selected seed samples were treated with extracts following dipping method. The treated seeds were put to test following the standard blotter method (ISTA, 1976). Vitavax-200 (0.2%, 0.25% and 0.3%) and Bavistin 50 WP (0.2%, 0.25% and 0.3%) were used for seed treatment. In testing the seeds the fungicides were taken in a 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask containing 100 g seeds. Then, the flask was shaken for 15 minutes to give uniform coating of fungicides on the seeds. The treated seeds were then plated on moist blotter paper and observed the growth of different fungal colonies on the seeds after incubation period. Inspection of dry seed the effects of fungi on the physical appearance of seeds, if any, are observed and recorded. The method also provides quick information on insect and mechanical damage to the seed as well as on seed treatment with pesticides so that the samples are handled with appropriate precautions. Physical abnormalities include: shriveling of seed coat, reduction or increase in seed size and discoloration or spotted in the seed coat Inspection of dry seed in seed health testing is closely associated with the purity analysis as practiced in seed certification at seed testing stations. In the purity analysis the seed samples are visually inspected, and pure seed, seeds of other crops and inert matter are separated, inert matter includes soil, sand, stones, various types of plant debris, sclerotia, and smut and bunt balls of fungi. Although these items are no doubt treated in International Rules as “inert”, they can carry live, infective propagules of disease producing fungi and are therefore of great pathological importance. The collected data were analyzed by analysis of variance. The mean differences among the treatments were compared by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). A statistical computer package MSTATC was used for analyzing the data.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Seed Sci. Technol. 13(1&2): 31–36 (2009), ISSN 1029-8800

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

.The seed samples treated by chirota showed significant differences in percent germination . Dilution 1:1 showed the highest germination 57.80% and lowest by 1:5. Seed germination percentage differed significant for treatment with garlic Highest germination percentage was recorded in case of 1:1 dilution and lowest in 1:5 dilutions. The seed samples showed significant difference in germination for Vitavax-200 The highest germination percentage was observed in 0.2% dilution. The highest seed germination percentage was 66.20% incase of seed treatment with Vitavax-200. Seed germination was 66.80% incase of 0.2% of Bavistin 50 WP. The lowest germination percentage showed incase of 0.3% when seed treated with Vitavax-200. The lowest seed germination percentage was 62.00% which was significantly difference from other treatment .

Knowledge Management: Journal