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Experimental Production of Duck Plague Vaccine and Its Monitoring in the Field

M. A. JALI L SARKER
Department of Microbiology & Hygiene, BAU, Mymensingh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The antigenicity and neutralizing capacity of three local duck plague virus isolates and three Duck plague vaccines of foreign countries were studied and evaluated by using Neutralization test to select suitable immunizing agent for protecting ducks against duck plague. For the purpose, the pooled antisera against each virus prepared In 2 weeks, 1 month and 4 months old buds separately in the 1st year work of the project were used for neutralization test. The virus neutralizing index ( NI ) varied from 2.00 to 2.11 log₁₀ DELD₅₀ with antisera to DPV viruses and 2.52 to 2.78 log₁₀ DELD₅₀ with antisera to local virus isolates from all three age group of birds. The results indicated that the virus N I with antisera to local virus isolates were higher than that with antisera to vaccine viruses. The local virus isolates were thus antigenic ally found superior to that of vaccine- viruses. On the basis of these findings and the findings of the 1st year work of the project, isolate No.3 and 2 have been selected for its ad aptation and attenuation in chicken embryos. The selected virus isolates are being continuously passaged in CE for its attenuation and adaptation in CE.

Keywords: Production, Duck, Plague vaccine

Location:

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Duck

Objectives:

i) To select suitable immunizing agent for protecting ducks against the disease.

II) To attenuate selected virus isolate (s) by adapting in chicken embryos.

lii) To attenuate the virus isolate (5) in chicken embryo fibroblast cell culture (provided facilities for cell cuture can be made available).

iv) Evaluation of the antigenic potency of the attenuated viruses.

v) Preparation of vaccine by using attenuated viruses.

iv) Monitoring the vaccine in the laboratory and in the field

Methodology:

Virus isolates and vaccines:

Local virulent duck plagues virus isolates from the field outbreaks of duck plague during the 1st year of the project and also previously isolated viruses, maintained in the Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, were used in this study. The virus isolates were isolated using standard technics and were tagged as isolate No. 1, 2, 3. Duck plague vaccine (DPV) viruses of foreign countries were obtained from Netherland, Thailand and France through International agencies and were tagged as DPVN,DPVT and DPVF respectively. Experimental birds and egg; Duck eggs and chicken eggs were obtained from local markets, BAU poultry farm, Flsheriey research institute and Poultry flock of the Department of Microbiology and Hygiene. Duck eggs and chicken eggs were incubated at 37⁰C for the development of embryos and the embryonated eggs were used in this study.

Experimental procedure:

The anti- sera prepared in 2 weeks, 1 month, and 4 months old birds in the 1st year of the project were used during the period under review. The serum collected from two to three birds of each group inoculated with each virus (virus iso- lates and vaccine viruses) was mixed together to constitute one pooled anti- serum for each age group of birds against each virus. These antisera were used in neutralization tests with their homologus and heterologus viral an- tigen. Neutralization test was carried out using the pooled antisera collected from 2 weeks, 1 month and 4 months old age group birds as antibody and local virulent duck plague virus isolates and DPV viruses as antigen. The standard technic of neutralization test using duck embryos were carried out following varying virus and constant serum method. The duck embryo lethal dose fifty (DELD₅₀) for the virus suspension, the antiserum (immune serum), virus mixture and the virus neutralizing index (NI) were calculated separately with the help of Reed and Muench method. The neutralization tests were used to study the antigenic relationship of the local virus isolates and the DPV virus of the foreign countries and also to evaluate the antigenicity of the virus isolates. On the basis of the results of res- ults of neutralization test carried out in the 1st yea r work of the project and during the period under review and the results of the challenge infection (protection test) carried out in the 1st year of the project, the local virus isolate (s) No.3 and 2 have been selected for subsequent work of the project. The selected isolate (s) are continuously being propagated serially in chicken embryos by CAM route of inoculation for its adaptation and attenuation. About 30th and 12th seriaI passages of the isolates No.3 and 2 respectively have been carried au t in chic ken embryos.

Source of Information: Proc, BAU Ras. Progress 1990 : 146-152

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The results indicated that the virus N I with anti sera to local virus isolates were higher than that with anti sera to vaccine viruses. The local virus isolates were thus antigenic ally found superior to that of vaccine- viruses. On the basis of these findings and the findings of the 1st year work of the project, isolate No.3 and 2 have been selected for its adaptation and attenuation in chicken embryos. The selected virus isolates are being continuously passaged in CE for its attenuation and adaptation in CE.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings