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Genetic Variability and Diversity of Groundnut (arachis Hypogaea L.)

M. T. Islam
Agriculture & Environment Division, Bangladesh Academy for Rural Development, Camilla.

S. Alam
Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

M. Z. Islam
Breeder Seed Production Unit, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Panchogar.

M. K. Hossain
Hybrid Rice Project, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur-1701.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Genetic variability and genetic divergence were performed using 29 exotic and local cultivars/lines of groundnut in the field laboratory of the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during November 2001 to June 2002. Results indicated significant genotypic difference for all the 10 characters studied. The genotype 86635 was the tallest and produced highest kernels/pod and the genotype ICGV 88388 was the poorest in performance. The genotype Dhaka-I took minimum days to mature and had the highest total pods per plant, ICGV 92121 had the highest 100-pod weight and 100 kernel weight and ICGV 88388 produced the highest pod yield per plant. Mahalanobish analysis revealed genetic diversity among the 29 genotypes and grouped them into seven clusters. Cluster 1 contained maximum number of genotypes while cluster VI had higher intra cluster distance. Inter cluster distance was maximum between clusters 1 and V, followed by clusters I and VI. Total pods/plant contributed maximum genetic diversity. The genotypes ICGV 93277, 6511484 DM-l, Dhaka-l and ICGV 92121 appeared to be the best parents for hybridization based on cluster distance. The genotypes ICGV 92121, 6511484, ICGV 93277, ACC-12, ICGV 88388 and ICGV 93232 were found to be most suitable for future varietal improvement programme

Keywords: Variability, Diversity, Heritability, Cluster, Groundnut.

Location: Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-11-2001

End Date: 00-06-2002

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Ground nut

Objectives:

To assess the variability and genetic divergence among the 29 genotypes of groundnut for yield and yield contributing characters.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted at the experimental field laboratory, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during November 2001 to June 2002. Twenty nine groundnut genotypes were used for this research work of which twenty five groundnut genotypes were collected from ICRISAT (Hyderabad, India) and four local cultivars were collected from BARI, Gazipur. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The unit plot size was 5 x 1.5 m and seed rate was 80 kg/ha. Seeds were treated by Diathane M-45 before sowing and then sown in rows on 2 December 2001. Germination was recorded at 7-8 days after sowing. Weeding and plant protection measures were taken as and when necessary and harvesting was done from first week to last week of May 2002. Ten plants were selected randomly from each plot and data were collected on days to 50% germination, days to harvesting, plant height, number of pods/plant, number of kernels per pod, 1 DO-pod weight, 100 kernel weight, harvest index, shelling percent and yield per plant. The mean data of all replication were subjected to analysis of variance and to test the differences between of genotypes Duncan's New Multiple Range Test (DMRT) was performed.

Source of Information: The Agriculturists, Vol: 3, (No-1&2), pp: 96-103, ISSN-1729-5211, Dec 2005

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The finding of the present investigation indicate that in contrast of genetic variability analysis, plant height, 100-pod weight, 100- kernel weights would be the best selection criteria for their highest heritability and genetic advance. From the variability analysis in the present investigation it was found that 6511484, ICGV 93269, ICGV 88388 ICGV 86707, ICGV 92126 and ICGV 93277 were the best performing genotypes. Investigation on genetic divergence showed that pods per plant, 100 pod weight, kernels per pod and harvest index were the most important contributing characters on divergence. The genotypes OM-I, Dhaka 1, ICGV 93277 and 6511484 may be chosen for hybridization and they may give high heterotic Fl and broad spectrum of variability in segregating generation. Finally, the genotypes ICGV 92121, 65/1484, ICGV 93277 ACC-12, ICGV 88388 and ICGV 93232 were genetically superior among the genotypes and most suitable for further development programme of groundnut.

Knowledge Management: Journal