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Assessment of Drip and Flood Irrigation on Biomass Production, Nutrient Content and Water Use Efficiency of Maize (zea Mays L.)

A.H.M.Z. ALI
Department of Soil, Water & Environment, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh.

S.U. AHMED
Department of Soil, Water & Environment, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh.

M.M. RAHMAN
Department of Soil, Water & Environment, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh.

M.K. RAHMAN
Department of Soil, Water & Environment, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An experiment was conducted in wooden boxes to assess flood, surface and sub-surface drip irrigation on biomass production, nutrient content and water use efficiency of maize ( Zea mays L.). Four levels of irrigation treatments were applied : (i) SD1 = Drip irrigation pipe was set up on the surface of the soil ; (ii) SSD2 = Drip irrigation pipe was buried up to 5 cm depth; (iii) SSD3 = Drip irrigation pipe was buried up to 7.5 cm depth and (iv) FI = Flood irrigation was practiced without any drip irrigation pipe. Leaf area, leaf area index and biomass production of maize were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in SSD3 than SSD2 and FI treatments. Biomass production was 37.2, 41.1, 54.2 and 35.2 g in SDl, SSD2, SSD3 and FI treatments, respectively . Water use efficiency (WUE) was also significantly (p < 0.05) higher in surface and sub-surface drip irrigation than flood irrigation. Values for WUEs were 0.248, 0.298, 0.430 and 0.156 kg/m³in SD1, SSD2, SSD3 and FI treatments, respectively. As a result, all three drip irrigation treatments enhanced water use efficiencies than flood irrigation . Comparing the three drip irrigation treatments, significantly (p < 0.05) higher nitrogen was found both in leaf and stem (3.3 and 3.8%) in sub-surface drip irrigation at 7.5 cm depth than flood irrigation (2.2 and 1.4%). Although, potassium contents in leaf and stem were not significantly different between the treatments, but had a tendency to be higher in drip irrigation treatments. Above all, drip irrigation performed better with higher water use efficiency .

Keywords: Drip irrigation, Flood irrigation, Maize, Nutrient, Water use efficiency

Location: In the net house of the Department of Soil, Water & Environment, University of Dhaka

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Maize

Objectives:

To determine flood, surface and sub-surface drip irrigation regarding biomass production, water use efficiency and nutrient content of maize.

Methodology:

The experiment was carried out in the net house of the Department of Soil, Water & Environment, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh . Soil sample was collected from the bank of the river Turag (Near Baliarpur, Savar) at a depth of 0 - 15 cm. It was ground and air dried and kept in plastic bags in the net house of the department to fill the wooden boxes . Soil had a pH of 6.5 and water holding capacity 33%. Particle size distribution of the soil was 25% sand, 64% silt and 11% clay. The soil was silt loam in texture. Soil pH was measured electro metrically using Corning Glass Electrode pH meter at a soil : water 1 : 2.5(⁸) . Hydrometer method was used for particle size distribution of soil(⁹). Twelve wooden boxes were constructed in the premises of the Department of Soil, Water & Environment. The size of each box was 122 cm long, 25 cm wide and 30 cm deep. Water proof paint was applied on outer side of the boxes. A white polythene sheet with the same size of the wooden box was placed in the box and filled it with the collected air-dry soil sample up to 30 cm depth. A basal dose of N : P : K fertilizers at the rate of 98 : 28 : 56 kg/ha< 10l as urea, triple super phosphate and muriate of potash was applied in each box and mixed thoroughly. A shade was constructed on the above of the boxes with the help of polythene sheet to save the boxes from climatological hazard . There were: (a) Four levels of irrigation treatments (IR), i. e., (i) SDI = Drip irrigation pipe •was set up on the surface of the soil (0 cm depth); (ii) 55D2 = Drip irrigation pipe was buried up to 5 cm depth ; (iii) 5SD3 = Drip irrigation pipe was buried up to 7.5 cm depth and (iv) FI = Flood irrigation was practiced without any drip irrigation pipe; (b) One cultivar (CV), Maize Pacific-555. One variety (CV) X irrigation level (IR) was replicated (R) three times. Therefore, 4 (IR) x 1 (CV) x 3 (R) = 12 boxes were used in this experiment.

Source of Information: Dhaka Univ . J. Biol. Sci. 22(1): 47-54, 2013 (January)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Leaf area, leaf area index and biomass production of maize were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in SSD3 than SSD2 and FI treatments. Biomass production was 37.2, 41.1, 54.2 and 35.2 g in SDl, SSD2, SSD3 and FI treatments, respectively . Water use efficiency (WUE) was also significantly (p < 0.05) higher in surface and sub-surface drip irrigation than flood irrigation. Values for WUEs were 0.248, 0.298, 0.430 and 0.156 kg/m³in SD1, SSD2, SSD3 and FI treatments, respectively. As a result, all three drip irrigation treatments enhanced water use efficiencies than flood irrigation . Comparing the three drip irrigation treatments, significantly (p < 0.05) higher nitrogen was found both in leaf and stem (3.3 and 3.8%) in sub-surface drip irrigation at 7.5 cm depth than flood irrigation (2.2 and 1.4%). Although, potassium contents in leaf and stem were not significantly different between the treatments, but had a tendency to be higher in drip irrigation treatments. Above all, drip irrigation performed better with higher water use efficiency .

Knowledge Management: Journal