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Biological Control of Anthracnose of Soybean

Akida Jahan
Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

Nushrat Jahan
Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

Farjana Yeasmin
Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

Mohammad Delwar Hossain
Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

Muhammed Ali Hossain
Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Soybean ( Glycine max L. Meril) is one of the most important and well recognized oil seed and grain legume crops of the world. A field experiment was conducted to investigate the efficacy of BAU- Bio fungicide (Trichoderma harzianum), Trichoderma based IPM Lab bio-pesticide and Bavistin against anthracnose of soybean. Five soybean cultivars viz. Sohag, BARI Soybean-6, BINA Soybean-1, BINA Soybean-2 and BINA Soybean-3 were used in this experiment. The field experiment was carried out following Randomized Complete Block Design in the field laboratory of the Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. Anthracnose infections were found initially lower at 80 DAS, moderate infections were found at 95 DAS and the highest infections were recorded at 110 DAS in case of all the tested five soybean varieties. The highest percent reduction of anthracnose infected plants/plot over control was observed in Bavistin treated plot (76.25%) that was near to BAU Bio-fungicide treated plots. All the growth parameters of soybean plants such as plant height, number of pods/plant, seed weight/plant, yield/plot and yield/ha were increased significantly in BAU- Bio fungicide treated plots that showed best performance in compare to IPM Lab bio-pesticide (2%) and Bavistin @ 0.2% when these treatments were applied two times with 15 days interval. However, anthracnose incidence was reduced significantly when all the treatments applied in this experiment and the effect of BAU- Bio fungicide was found almost similar to Bavistin in reduction of anthracnose of soybean.

Keywords: Soybean, Anthracnose, Trichoderma, BAU-Biofungicide, IPM Lab-Biopesticide

Location: Department of Plant Pathology and in the field laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University

Start Date: 00-11-2014

End Date: 00-04-2015

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Soybean

Objectives:

To investigate the efficacy of BAU- Bio fungicide (Trichoderma harzianum), Trichoderma based IPM Lab bio-pesticide and Bavistin against anthracnose of soybean.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted in the Department of Plant Pathology and in the field laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University during November’14 to April’15 following a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Soybean variety Sohag (V₁), BARI Soybean-6 (V₂), BINA Soybean-1 (V₃), BINA Soybean-2 (V₄), BINA Soybean-3 (V₅) was used in the experiment. The seeds of Sohag and BARI Soybean-6 were collected from Regional Oil Research Center, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) Joydebpur, Gazipur and seeds of BINA Soybean-1, BINA Soy bean-2 and BINA Soybean-3 were collected from Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BIN A), Mymensingh. Six treatments viz. T₀= Control, T₁= IPM Lab Bio-Pesticide @ 2%, 1 spray, T₂= IPM Lab Bio-Pesticide @ 2%, 2 spray, T₃= BAU Bio Fungicide @ 2%, 1 spray, T₄= BAU Bio Fungicide @ 2%, 2 spray and T₅= Bavistin @ 0.2%, 2 spray (used as a positive control) were assessed in this experiment. BAU- Bio fungicide and Trichoderma harzianum were collected from the Eco-friendly Disease Management Laboratory and IPM Lab, Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, respectively. The PDA media was prepared and poured in 500 ml glass bottles and sterilized in an autoclave at 121?, 15 PSI for 15 min. The media were acidified with 30 drops of 50% lactic acid per 250 ml medium to avoid the contamination of bacteria. It was then cultured on the same medium for multiplication through incubation at room temperature. Ten PDA plates of 7 days old culture were taken. Two g of Trichoderma harzianum was added to 100 mL water to make the concentration 2% (10⁶ cFu/ml). About 2.5 ml of Tween-20 was added for uniform mixing of Trichoderma spores in the suspension. BAU- Bio fungicide (20g) was taken in a 1000 ml beaker and water was added up to the mark. The material was filtered through cheese cloth. The filtrated liquid was used as 2% BAU- Bio fungicide solution. Then two g of Bavistin was taken in a beaker and 1000 ml of water was added up to the mark. The material was then stirred properly with the help of a spoon. As a result, 0.2% Bavistin solution was prepared. The field was prepared properly with the application of fertilizer and manure at recommended rate. The size of the unit plot was 2.0 m × 1.5 m. Plot to plot distance was 40 cm. Row to Row distance was 40 cm and plant to plant distance was 5 cm. Seeds of 5 different soybean varieties were sown in lines at about 5 cm depth on the 19^th November, 2014. Tricho- suspension, BAU- Bio fungicide and Bavistin were sprayed at 15 days interval during 3 February, 18 February, 2015, respectively. Different intercultural operations like- shading, irrigation, gap filling , weeding and insecticides spray were done timely. Five plants were randomly selected from each plot for recording data Plant height (cm), No. of infected leaves/plant, Total no. of infected plants/plot, Total no. of pods/plant, No. of infected pods/plant, Seed weight/plant (g), Yield/plot (kg), Total yield (ton ha^-1). The visual symptoms of anthracnose were critically observed and infected plants were identified comparing the symptoms with those of Commonwealth Mycological Institute (CMI) description. The incidence of anthracnose was recorded thrice at 80, 95 and 110 days after sowing (DAS). The incidence of anthracnose was calculated. Collected data were analyzed by MSTAT-C and minitab 15 statistical software.

Source of Information: Res. Agric. Livest. Fish. Vol. 2, No. 3, December 2015: 419-426, ISSN : P-2409-0603, E-2409-9325

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1.

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The result of the present study indicates that the BAU- Bio fungicide (Trichoderma harzianum suspension) showed better result compared to the IPM Lab Bio-pesticide in reducing incidence of anthracnose of soybean and promoting both vegetative and reproductive growth of soybean. This result might indicate that foliar application of Trichoderma harzianum in soybean plants might triggers some defense related and cell wall degrading proteins which can suppress the growth and degrade the cell wall of Colletotrichum dematium var. truncatum and some enzymes related to carbohydrate metabolism and photos synthesis activities and these physiological activities very much related to plant growth and development. BINA soybean-1 variety performed lowest disease incidence and highest yield than the other four soybean varieties used in this study, it might be due to its physiological and morphological features. The present experiment was conducted for one season (rabi season) in a limited scale. So, this study needs to be carried out under different agro-ecological zones in the country before drawing a sound conclusion. However, farmers can be advised to use two times spray of BAU- Bio fungicide with 15 days interval and variety BINA Soybean-1 to fulfill the requirement of biological control of anthracnose of soybean with maximum benefit (yield).

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