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Clinico-pathological Profiles of Sub-fertility in Zebu Cows

K. F. Pariza
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

A. S. M. Bari
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

F. Y. Bari
Department of Surgery & Obstetrics, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

M. G. S. Alam
Department of Surgery & Obstetrics, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

M. Noor
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Blood samples from cows with reproductive problems (anoestrus, repeat breeder, uterine infection) were collected for haematological, biochemical and humoral immune response analyses. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was higher and haemoglobin (Hb) lowers in subfertile cows than innormal cycling cows. The packed cell volume (PCV) was lower in anoestrus and repeat breeding cows than in control. Total erythrocyte count (TEC) was not significantly different, whereas total leukocyte count (TLC) significantly higher (p<0.01) in anoestrus and repeat breeder cows. The bilirubin concentration was significantly higher (p<0.005) in anoestrus and uterine infected cows compared with control. The mean serum IgG was lower in all subfertile cows than control. It is suggested that there is no specific clinico-pathological marker for reproductive disorders in cows.

Keywords: Clinico-pathological profiles, Sub-fertility, Zebu Cows

Location: Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Cow

Objectives:

To evaluate the haematological and biochemical profiles of cows with reproductive problems in Bangladesh.

Methodology:

A total of 30 lactating multiparous mixed breed cows weighing 220 - 355 kg were divided into three groups, Group A (n = 7): were suffering from postpartum anoestrus of more than 90 days (Chowdhury et al., 1998); Group B (n = 10): were repeat breeders (Zemjanis, 1980) and Group C (n = 13) : had suspected uterine infection (Sheldon et al., 2003). All were outpatients at the Veterinary Clinic. For control (Group D), cycling lactating multiparous cows (n = 30) of mixed breeds were selected from the university dairy farm. Cows belonged to small-holders where only one to 15 cows were kept. They normally maintained their animals on rice straw cut-and-carry grass and limited grazing on roadside and community land as forage; and milling by-product as concentrate (rice polish, wheat bran, mustard and til oil cakes fed at 1-2 kg per 1.5 - 2.0 litres of milk). There was no system for oestrus detection, but farmers relied on visible signs of oestrus. Blood sampling: Five-ml blood was collected from each cow by jugular vein puncture using 10ml plastic syringe on the first day after examination and every week for three weeks. Half the blood sample was kept with heparinized saline for routine haematological examination; rest of the sample was taken in vials for collection of serum. Serum samples were kept at -20⁰C until analyzed. Haematological studies: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), Packed cell volume (PCV), Haemoglobin percentage (Hb%), Total erythrocyte count (TEC), Total leukocyte count (TLC) and Differential leukocyte count (DLC) were carried out as described by Coffin (1953). Total serum protein assay: Total blood protein was measured using Folin-phenol method (Lowry et al., 1951). Briefly, a standard curve was made with equilibrated (200 μl distilled water) bovine serum albumin solution (1 mg/ml) ranging from 0 to 60 μl. Unknown serum samples (10 μl) were taken in separate tubes after similar equilibration. After addition of prepared solution (one ml), each tube was incubated in a dark place for 30 minutes at room temperature. The absorbance of standard proteins at 660 nmol using spectrophotometer was plotted against concentration of BSA and the concentrations of proteins were extrapolated by putting the value of optical density (OD) in the standard curve. Serum bilirubin was measured using the standard technique of Harrison and Barlow (1989). Briefly, five-ml methanol, one-ml diazo reagent and four-ml diazo blank were taken as blank sample. For unknown serum sample, five-ml methanol, one-ml diazo reagent and four-ml 1: 10 diluted serum were mixed thoroughly and incubated for 30 minutes at room temperature. The blank was set at 100% at 540 nm and the % of transmission (T) was read in the unknown sample. The result of % T was then converted to mg/dl. Serum immunoglobulin-G (IgG): IgG was estimated by the single radial immune-diffusion technique (Mancini et al., 1965). The polyclonal antibody IgG was raised by immunizing New Zealand White Rabbit with purified 0.5 mg/ml Bovine IgG (Sigma, USA). Blood (Serum) was collected from ear vein every week after the first booster dose. Sera were used to check the antibody response and quantify the antigen by double immuno-diffusion test and single radial immuno-diffusion technique, respectively, following the procedures described by Bari (1989). The antibovine IgG was titrated using ELISA technique (Bari 1989) in 5 fold dilutions starting from 1 in 50. All the data were analyzed by comparison between groups using students “t” test (Bailey, 1981).

Source of Information: The Bangladesh Veterinarian (2009) 26(1) : 1 – 7

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The packed cell volume (PCV) was lower in anoestrus and repeat breeding cows than in control. Total erythrocyte count (TEC) was not significantly different, whereas total leukocyte count (TLC) significantly higher (p<0.01) in anoestrus and repeat breeder cows. The bilirubin concentration was significantly higher (p<0.005) in anoestrus and uterine infected cows compared with control. The mean serum IgG was lower in all subfertile cows than control. It is suggested that there is no specific clinico-pathological marker for reproductive disorders in cows.

Knowledge Management: Journal