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In Vitro Antibiotic Sensitivity and Therapeutic Efficacy of Experimental Salmonellosis, Colibacillosis and Pasteurellosis in Broiler Chickens

M.A. Rahman
Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Myrnensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M.A. Sarnad
Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Myrnensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M. B. Rahman
Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Myrnensingh-2202, Bangladesh

S.M. L. Kabir
Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Myrnensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Avian salmonellosis (AS), avian colibacillosis (AC) and avian pasteurellosis (AP) have been recognized as important bacterial diseases in poultry associated with morbidity and mortality in Bangladesh. The causative agents of these three diseases were isolated (S isolates I disease) from dead chickens submitted for diagnosis at the BRAC Poultry Disease Diagnostic Centre, Gazipur during the period from January to December 2002. Five isolates of each of the Salmonila pullorum, Escherichia coli and Pasteurella multocida were evaluated against eight antibiotic containing disc which included ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, tetracycline, cephradine and penicillin G. Erythromycin in S. pullorum and Ciprofloxacin both in the E. coli and P. multocida were found highest sensitive, gentamicin, chlorampharicol, cephradine were found moderately sensitive to S. pullorum, gentamicin, tetracycline, erythromycin and ampicillin were found moderately sensitive to E. coli, and gentamicin ampicillin, cephradine and penicillin G were moderately sensitive to P. multocida. Therapeutic trials against experimentally produced S. puUorum, E. coli and P. multocida infection in three groups of broiler chickens showed that cephradine against S. pullarum and ciprofloxacin against both in E. coli and P. multocida were found highly effective both in vitro and in vivo studies, therefore, cephradine against salmonellosis and ciprofloxacin against colibacillosis and pasteurellosis are effective drugs of choice which could be used to control morbidity and mortality in poultry caused by these diseases.

Keywords: Antibiotic sensitivity, Therapeutic, Salmonellosis, Colibacillosis, Pasteurellosis, Broiler chickens

Location: BRAC Poultry Disease Diagnostic Centre, Gazipur

Start Date: 00-01-2002

End Date: 00-12-2002

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Chicken

Objectives:

This paper describes the in vitro antibiotic drug sensitivity pattern and therapeutic efficacy of certain antibiotics against experimentally induced S. pullorum, E. coli and P. multocida infection in broiler chickens.

Methodology:

Fifty bacteriological samples suspected for salmonellosis, colibacillosis and pasteurellosis were collected from the BRAC Poultry Disease Diagnostic Centre, Gazipur at necropsy examination in sterilized cotton swabs and put into the sterilized test tube containing nutrient broth. The Salmonella pullorum, Escherichia coli and Pasteurella multocida organisms were isolated and characterized as described by Rahman et al. (2004). These organisms were used for in vitro antibiotic sensitivity and experimental infection in broiler chickens for the study of therapeutic trials. Antibiotic in vitro sensitivity test of S. pullorum ( 5 isolates), E. coli ( 5 isolates) and P. multocida ( 5 isolates) was performed with the standardized commercial sensitivity discs (Mast Diagnostics, Mast Group Ud., Merseyside, UK). Sensitivity to antibiotic was studied mostly on blood agar plates with penicillin G (PO) 10 IU, gentamicin (OM) 10 p.g, ampicillin ( AP ) 10 p.g, chloramphenicol (C) 30 p.g, tetracycline (T) 30 14g, erythromycin (E) 15 p.g, cephradine (CRD) 30 14g and ciprofloxacin (CIP) 5 14g. An amount of 0.5 ml freshly grown pure culture of the bacteria was poured on BA plates and allowed to spread gently over the entire surface with a glass rod spreader. After 1 to 2 minutes the antibacterial discs were placed on the inoculated plates keeping a distance of about 1 cm apart and incubated at 37⁰C for overnight. The inhibitory effect of the antibacterial to the growth of the culture was recorded. The in vivo therapeutic efficacy trial was conducted on 12 healthy broiler birds at the age of 52 days. These 12 birds were divided into four equal groups (A to D). each consisting of three birds. Each bird of group A was inoculated with 1.0 ml ( 5.75 x l 06 CFU) suspension of S. pullorum, group B with 1.0 ml ( 4.5 x 107 CFU) suspension of E. coli and group C with 1.0 ml ( 6.25 x 106 CFU) suspension of P. multocida orally whereas, birds of group D served as uninfected healthy controls. All these birds were allowed to rear on same feed, water and environmental condition and were observed for clinical signs at every six hours interval. After drug sensitivity test of there-isolated organisms from cloacal swabs of all the three groups of experimentally infected birds, therapeutic efficacy was conducted in two infected birds of all the three infected groups ( A to C) and one infected bird of each of the three groups as untreated infected controls. Each of the two birds of group A was experimentally infected with S. pullorum treated with cephradine (Lebac®. Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd. ) @ 50 mg I kg body weight at every six hours interval orally for 3 days. Each of the two birds of group B (E. coli infected) and group C (P. multocida) was treated with ciprotloxacin (Ciprocin® Tab., Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd.) @ 10 mg I kg body weight twice daily orally for 3 days. The therapeutic efficacy was assessed finally on post-mortem examination of all the slaughtered experimental birds.

Source of Information: Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2004). 2 (2): 99-102

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The cephradine was found moderately sensitive in-vitro against the isolated S. pullorum organism which was used @ 50 mg I kg body weight but only at 6 hours interval and resulted disappearance of all the clinical signs at 12 hours of post-treatment and started improvement of the health status of the treated birds. Similarly, ciprofloxacin was found highly sensitive against both the isolated E. coli and P. multocida organisms, and accordingly, ciprofloxacin @ 10 mg I kg body weight but resulted recovery of all the colibacillosis affected birds, but except one bird, other all pasteurellosis affected chickens were recovered at 12 hours of post-treatment. The non-responsive bird showed lameness, which was not responded due to severely affected conditions.

Knowledge Management: Journal