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Evaluation of Maternally Derived Antibodies Against Newcastle Disease Virus and Its Effect on Vaccination in Broiler Chicks

M. A. Jalil
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

M. A. Samad
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

M. T. Islam
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The study was conducted to determine the persistence of maternally derived antibody (MDA) and its effects on protection against NDV in broiler chickens and to investigate the status of humoral immune response following vaccination with BCRDV® (F-strain, lentogenic) at different ages of broiler chickens during the period from August to October, 2008. A total of 90 day-old broiler chicks of Cobb 500 strain with the history of vaccination of parent stock against Newcastle disease (ND) was divided into three groups (A, B and C). Birds of group A (n = 35) were used for the study of protection ability of MDA against NDV, the birds of group B (n = 45) were used for the measurement of humoral immune response in chickens following vaccination at different ages and birds of group C (n = 10) were used for the determination of persistence of maternally derived antibody. The level of antibody titre against NDV was determined by HI test. The protective potentiality of MDA and vaccine was determined by the rate of survivability of the chickens following challenge infection. It was observed that the MDA titre in day-old chicks was higher and gradually declined at minimal level at day 28. The MDA titre of 128 or above protected the birds following challenge infection with virulent NDV. There were significant decrease in HI titres of chickens which were vaccinated once at day 1 and day 7, and could not withstand challenge infection with virulent NDV. Single vaccination with BCRDV® at day 14 triggered the production of antibody but could not provide complete protection to the birds. The birds which were boosted with the same vaccine 7 days and 21 days after primary vaccination produced better immune response. However, the birds which were vaccinated primarily at day 1 and boosted at day 7 could not withstand the challenge completely. Of the other regimens of twice vaccination, primary vaccination at day 7 and booster dosing at day 28 was found to be the best in terms of immune response and protection potentiality. Therefore, it may be concluded that (a) The MDA titre level of 128 or above is sufficient to protect broilers against challenge with virulent NDV,( b) Primary vaccination at day 7 followed by a booster dosing at day 28 may be followed for better immune response and protection against ND in broilers

Keywords: Newcastle disease, Maternal derived antibody, Vaccination, Broiler

Location:

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Poultry

Objectives:

This paper describes the persistence and role of maternally derived antibody (MDA) against NDV in progeny chicks, and evaluation of humoral antibody titre produced in chicken following vaccination with BCRDV at different ages of chickens.

Methodology:

A total of 90 day-old broiler chicks of Cobb 500 strain with the history of vaccination of parent stock against Newcastle disease (ND) were purchased from the Kazi Farms Ltd., Dhaka and reared in a well ventilated poultry house of the Department of Medicine, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh during the research period from August to October, 2008. The birds were reared on litter on the floor supplied with feed (Quality Feed Ltd.) and water ad libitum where a medium level of biosecurity was maintained. Newcastle disease vaccine Lyophilized Baby Chick Ranikhet Disease Vaccine (BCRDV) prepared with F-strain and produced by the Department of Livestock Services (DLS) at the Livestock Research Institute (LRI), Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh was obtained from the District Livestock Office (DLO), Mymensingh and was used for this study. Serum HI titres of the groups those vaccinated twice were subjected to repeated measures analysis. For the challenge experiment, each of the birds was inoculated with 0.2 ml (106.5 EID50 / 0.1 ml) of virulent field isolate of NDV through oral route of inoculation. Following challenge infection, each bird of different experimental groups was observed routinely for one week for any clinical sign of ND or death. Birds those died after challenge were subjected to post-mortem examination.One-way ANOVA was done to determine significant difference among the groups which vaccinated once only. In both cases, means were separated by least significant difference test. All the analysis were performed using SPSS version 13.0 for Windows (Coakes et al., 2006).

Source of Information: Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2009). 7(2) : 296 – 302

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The birds of different groups which died following challenge infection with virulent NDV showed characteristic clinical signs and specific lesions of ND. The clinical signs recorded were depression, drowsiness, weakness, loss of appetite, cyanosis of comb and wattle, greenish watery diarrhea, nasal and eye discharges, decrease weight gain, respiratory distress, coughing, paralysis of legs or wings, torticollis and death. The post-mortem lesions recorded were severe haemorrhages and / ulcers in the digestive tract particularly proventriculus, small intestine and caeca. The clinical signs and gross lesions recorded in this study were specific of ND as reported in literatures. Therefore, it may be concluded that the MDA titre level of 128 or above is sufficient to protect broilers against challenge with virulent NDV, and primary vaccination at day 7, followed by a booster dosing at day 28 may be followed for better immune response and protection against ND in broilers.

Knowledge Management: Journal