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Determination of In-vivo Growth Kinetics of Virulent Newcastle Disease Virus in Broiler Chickens

M. J. Ara
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene,Faculty of Veterinary Science

M. T. Islam1
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science

M. T. Hossain
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene,Faculty of Veterinary Science

M. A. Haque
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene,Faculty of Veterinary Science

R. Ahmed
Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University,

M. M. I. Chowdhury
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene,Faculty of Veterinary Science

M. M. Kamal
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene,Faculty of Veterinary Science

A. Akter
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene,Faculty of Veterinary Science

M. A. Islam
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene,Faculty of Veterinary Science

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The research work was conducted on 105 broiler chicks (Cobb-500) with a view to determine the rate of distribution of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in various organs following infection through natural (intranasal, intraocular and oral) and parenteral (intravenous, intramuscular and subcutaneous) routes of inoculation at different ages (7, 15 and 28 days of old). Each bird received a dose of 0.2 ml of NVNDV (300 ELD50). Body temperature, onset of clinical signs and mortality of birds (if any) were recorded daily. Blood samples were collected from the birds to determine the serum HI titre before and after infection. Faeces and various tissue samples (brain, lungs, kidney, colon, bursa of Fabricius, spleen and thymus) were collected daily following post-mortem examination of one bird from each sub-group to determine the presence of NDV along with their HA titre through inoculation into embryonated hen eggs. Some representative samples were also inoculated into chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) cell culture for isolation of NDV. The highest body temperature (≥108⁰F) was recorded in the birds of almost all the experimental groups between 48 and 72 hours of PI. Appearance of clinical sings was observed earlier (between 48 to 72 hours of PI) in parenterally infected birds than those of inoculated through natural routes. The shortest duration (>26-54 hours of PI) and longest duration (67-132 hours of PI) of death time recorded in birds those were inoculated through IV and oral routes of infection respectively. Isolation of NDV was positive from day 2 of PI and onward in all the groups with some minor variations in some cases. The CEF cell culture system was found more sensitive compared to avian embryo. Irrespective of routes of inoculation and age of birds, there was significant (p<0.01) increase in the mean HA titre of NDV with the progression of time. The highest HA titre of NDV was found in the brain tissue followed by lungs and kidney. Significantly (p<0.01) higher HA titre of NDV isolate was recorded in the birds of all the experimental groups inoculated through IV route. Following infection, the MDA titres decreased day by day in the birds with the increase of HA titres of NDV.

Keywords: Growth kinetics, Newcastle disease virus, HA titre, MDA, Broiler chickens

Location:

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Chicken

Objectives:

This paper describes the in-vivo growth kinetics i.e., distribution of virulent NDV in different organs of broiler chickens following experimental infection through different routes.

Methodology:

A total of 105 day-old-broiler chicks of Cobb 500 were obtained from C.P. Bangladesh Co. Ltd., Dhaka and maintained in the experimental animal shed of the Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, BAU, Mymensingh with strict biosecurity. Neurotropic virulent Newcastle disease virus (NVNDV) was obtained from the repository of the Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, BAU, Mymensingh. This virus was used for experimental infection and as positive control in haemagglutination (HA) and haemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests. Fertile hen eggs with a good hatching rate (95-98%) were collected from Poultry Farm of FnF Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Jhenaidah. The eggs were incubated at 37°C in an egg incubator of the Department of Microbiology and Hygiene maintaining relative humidity of 85% for 10 days. The well developed healthy embryos were used for the propagation of reference NVNDV as well as various tissue samples of birds of different experimental groups for the isolation of NDV, to determine ELD₅₀ of reference NVNDV and also for preparation of chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) cell culture. Blood samples were collected from birds of groups A, B, C and D (control) on day 6, 14 and 27 respectively before infection and daily after infection up to day 5 of PI. Sera were separated and subjected to HI test to determine the titre against NDV (Reed and Muench, 1938). Analysis of variance (One way and two way) was performed to find out the significant differences among the data obtained from experimental infection in different groups of birds where applicable using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 13.0 for Windows (Coakes et al., 2006).

Source of Information: Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2009). 7(2): 304-312

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Following experimental infection with NVNDV through six different routes (IN, IO, Oral, IV, IM and SC), the MDA titres decreased day by day in the birds of different experimental groups (Table 5). However, it is interesting to note that the MDA titres decreased day by day with the increase of HA titres of NDV from different tissues regardless route of infection incase of broiler birds of different experimental groups.

Knowledge Management: Journal