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Variation in Arsenic Concentration Relative to Ammonium Nitrogen and Oxidation Reduction Potential in Surface and Groundwater

Kiyoshi Kurosawa
Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan

Kazuhiko Egashira
Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan

Masakazu Tani
Faculty of Design, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan

M. Jahiruddin
Department of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University,Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Abu Zofar M. Moslehuddin
Department of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University,Mymensingh, Bangladesh

M. Zulfikar Rahman
Department of Agricultural Extension Education, BangladeshAgricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Arsenic (As), ammonium-nitrogen (N), nitrate-N concentrations, and oxidation–reduction potential (ORP) in the water samples from the river, pond, dug well, and shallow and deep tube wells (TW) were investigated in a farming village of southwestern Bangladesh. Concentrations of As and ammonium-N were the highest, whereas ORP was the lowest in the shallow TW water among the water sources. The ammonium-N concentration correlated positively with the As concentration and negatively with ORP for all samples, irrespective of the water sources. A rise in the ammonium-N concentration was hypothesized to enhance microbial activity, which in turn would lower ORP, and then As was released from sediments to the surrounding water in a reducing condition. The source of ammonium-N in the shallow TW water was identified as N fertilizer, based on the δ¹⁵N analysis. Thus, the influence of N fertilizer application on As contamination in groundwater was suggested.

Keywords: Ammonium-N, Arsenic release, Bangladesh, Nitrogen fertilizer

Location: Jessore district and Marua village

Start Date: 01-06-2006

End Date: 30-06-2006

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Contamination

Objectives:

In the present study, the following topics are examined to confirm the processes mentioned: (1) how the ammonium-N concentration is related to the As concentration and to the ORP in both surface and groundwater, and (2) whether the ammonium-N occurring in water is sourced from N fertilizer, targeting water samples from different sources in Marua village, Jessore district, Bangladesh.

Methodology:

Water samples were taken from the river at one site, the pond at four sites, four dug well sites, shallow tube wells (TW) at six sites, and deep TW at two sites in July 2006 just after the start of the rainy season. Sampling sites were selected across the village. The depths of the wells were determined based on interviews with local residents. The ORP was measured immediately after sampling at each site using a portable ORP meter (Horiba D53). The recorded ORP value was then converted to a value corresponding to the standard hydrogen electrode. The concentrations of ammonium and nitrate were measured by a spectrophotometer (Hach DR/2010) with the Nessler and cadmium-reduction methods, respectively, at the Asia Arsenic Network Laboratory in Jessore city. Ammonium levels as well as nitrate levels were measured because ammonium is transformed into nitrate through nitrification. The As concentration was measured by the HG-AAS (model Unicam 969) at the Central Laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University, located in Mymensingh, Bangladesh. To identify the source of inorganic-N in water, the d15N analysis was completed using two selected shallow TW water samples showing a high ammonium concentration. Two L of water samples from each site were brought to Japan. The analysis was performed at Shoko Co., Ltd., in Japan, because of due to a lack of equipment in Kyushu University.

Source of Information: Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 39: 1467–1475, 2008

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The source of ammonium-N in the shallow TW water was identified as N fertilizer, based on the δ¹⁵N analysis. Thus, the influence of N fertilizer application on As contamination in groundwater was suggested.

Knowledge Management: Journal