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State of the Environment in Slum Area: a Case Study on Khora Slum, Khulna

T. T. Tanni
Environmental Science Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh

M. J. Hasan
Environmental Science Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh

A.K. Azad
Environmental Science Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh

B. Bakali
Department of Environmental Science and Resource Management,Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The people fall in low income group is generally migrants and the local poor. Majority of slum people are living in poor quality housing where the absence of basic services and facilities is significant. The aim of the study is to evaluate the existing housing condition, to identify the present condition of sanitary facilities & drainage facilities, to evaluate the present condition of drinking water quality (lab analysis) & to determine the level of noise as this area is near to the main bus station & health services. To collect the required information random sampling method was used and questionnaire survey was done with slum dwellers. Lab analysis was made to find out the water quality. The noise level was measured using Noise Level meter. The study has tried to analyze the problem and advantages for living in the slum settlements, the slum settlements consequences on surroundings with a special reference of Khora Slum of Khulna City Corporation. The housing condition of the study area is not good. About 80% houses are in such a condition that it is very hard to live in there. The main problem is that these people are not aware of the environment where they are living as it is not their permanent living place. It was found that responsible authorities are not doing anything for the slum people. There is no qualified doctor in that area. Though the sadar hospital is nearer but they don’t have enough money to go there. Mosquito is main problem here as there is no fixed place for throwing their household waste. Sanitation facilities are very poor here. There is only one community sanitary latrine with three chambers but it is not sufficient for all the people of the slum. Drinking water is another problem here as there exists only five tube wells of three are used by most of the people and the quality of water of the tube wells were analyzed in the lab. It was found that salinity level is very high (10 ppt) & color is dark of the water of the tube wells. By this study it will be easy to get the idea about house rent structure of the slums, getting services and facilities of the slums, distance of the services and facilities from the settlements, water supply and other utility services conditions of the slums.

Keywords: Environment, Slum, Khulna, Housing, Sanitation, Water Quality

Location: Environmental Science Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-11-2012

End Date: 00-08-2013

Program Area: Resource Development and Management

Commodity: Water quality

Objectives:

1. To evaluate the existing housing condition, 2. To identify the present condition of sanitary facilities & drainage facilities, 3. To evaluate the present condition of drinking water quality (lab analysis) & 4. To determine the level of noise as this area is near to the main bus station & health services.

Methodology:

After setting the objectives of the study to reach the terminate point, a mental model was made that was the setting of thinking for achieving the goal of the study sequentially. The survey was conducted with the people of Khora Slum area. Quantitative data were collected from laboratory analysis & the relevant organizations Local Government Engineering Department (LGED), KCC, BBS, Non-Govt. NGOs, Satellite image; digital map and different software (MS Word, MS Excel etc.) were utilized. All the collected data and information were compiled, analyzed and interpreted using different statistical formulae. In this study, the spatial analysis of the informal settlements, this is directly related to the informal settlements growth and is conducted with the locational view point of the informal settlement’s location within the city, the reasons that the informal settlers live in a specific informal settlement. A large number of informal settlements have been observed in ward 17 &18 in Khulna City Corporation area. Ward 17 & 18 is situated in most the important part of Khulna city. It is near about the Central Bus Terminal of Khulna city and is also near about the Boyra area. So, spatial analysis of informal settlements to this area is very important for the city. The Khora’s Slum is the suitable area to conduct this type of study. Simple Random sampling method was used to collect information by questionnaire survey. To find out the drinking water quality various laboratory experiment were done. Samples were collected three times from the locations & by the same procedure. The water samples were collected from three different tube wells (TW1, TW2, TW3) at different locations of khora slum. The depth of the tube wells was 50m, 46m, 48m respectively. One-liter polyethylene bottles were acid washed for collecting water samples. Aeration during water sampling was avoided as far as possible. The water samples were carefully transported to the laboratory and preserved for chemical analysis. The following analysis have been done-Color & Odor, pH, EC (Electrical Conductivity) &TDS (Total Dissolve Solids), Sodium (Na⁺) & Potassium (K⁺), Calcium (Ca²⁺) and Magnesium (Mg²⁺), Chloride (Cl^-), Carbonate (CO₃²^-) & Bicarbonate (HCO₃^-), Nitrate (NO₃^-), Phosphate (PO₄³^-), Sulphate (SO₄²^-), Salinity, Fecal Coliform. Noise level was also recorded. For questionnaire survey Simple random sampling technique has been applied as sampling procedure. By the following equation the sample size was determined. The study is based on both primary information (interview, questionnaire survey and oral talk with local persons and experts) and secondary information collected from various Government and non-government organization, published and unpublished documents. After processing, all data were analyzed and final report was prepared.

Source of Information: J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 7(1): 295 - 304, 2014; ISSN 1999-7361

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The slum dwellers do not get pure and sufficient drinking water. Narrow and open drains with the poor water supply and dispose of wastes here and there cause different infection diseases in the slum children.

Knowledge Management: Journal