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Assessment of Different Chemical Properties in Balu River Water During Wet and Dry Season

M. E. Haque
Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

H. K. Sumon
Department of Environmental Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

M. A. Sattar
Director
Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

M. K. Khan
Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

M. E. Hossain
Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

M. M. Rahman
Department of Environmental Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

M. M. Hossain
Rokeya Training Centre, Department of Women Affairs, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An extensive study was carried out in the Balu river water during the year of 2011-2012 with a view to identify the water quality regarding different chemical contamination. A total of 72 surface water samples were collected from four different locations adjacent to the Balu river area of Dhaka–Narayangonj–Demra area, during wet (July to September 2011) and dry season (November to January 2011-12). To determine the spatial distribution and seasonal variation of physico-chemical properties (pH, EC, NO₃-N, NH₄-N, PO₄, Ca and Mg) details laboratory analyses were performed in the Laboratory of Soil Science Division of Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA) following standard procedures. Among the different locations, the maximum mean concentration of EC, NO₃-N, NH₄-N, PO₄, Ca and Mg were observed at Termuni area as 1.44 mScm^-1 and 2.79, 4.13, 19.14, 53.29 and 51.15 mgL^-1, respectively. Considering locations and seasons, the highest concentration of the analyzed parameters wee found at Termuni area during dry season as EC (1.54 mScm^-1), NO₃-N (3.95 mgL^-1), NH₄-N (5.29 mgL^-1), PO4 (25.45 mgL^-1), Ca (61.08 mgL^-1) and Mg (72.57 mgL^-1). The minimum concentration of EC, NO₃-N and Mg was noted at Demra area during wet season as 1.05 mScm^-1, 1.02 and 14.26 mgL^-1, respectively. The NH4-_N, PO₄ and Ca concentrations were observed as 1.78, 3.19 and 23.20 mgL^-1 at Nagarpara area and pH value of 8.04 was found at Itakhola area. The study revealed that the concentrations of EC, PO₄ and Mg exceeded the standard level for drinking irrigation and aquaculture.

Keywords: Balu river, Chemical properties of water, Wet and dry season

Location: Soil Science Laboratory, BINA.

Start Date: 00-07-2011

End Date: 00-01-2012

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Water quality

Objectives:

To assess toxic metals contamination, the spatial distribution and seasonal variation of Balu different chemical properties and evaluate the river water quality with irrigation standard for crop production during wet and dry season.

Methodology:

The study was conducted at Balu river, Dhaka-Narayangonj-Demra area. Balu river is located at 23°43´51´´ (23.7308º) north latitude and 90º30´5´´ (90.5014º) east longitude. A total of seventy two water samples were collected (from 3 replications) from different locations during July 2011 to January 2012. For the river Balu, samples were taken from 4 locations namely- Termuni, Itakhola, Nagarpara and Demra Bridge to cover the maximum pollution hazards due to industrial activities, municipal sewage sludge and urban runoff including agricultural activities. All samplings were performed through water sampler using country boat. After collection, the bottles containing samples were sealed immediately to avoid exposure to air. The samples were taken from the midstream. Three (3) samples were collected in same location within 0–50 cm depth. To provide necessary information for each sample such as data collection, location, depth etc. were noted and each sample collected in a plastic bottle was labeled separately with a unique identification number. After collection, all the water samples were carried to BINA, Mymensingh for chemical analysis. Samples bringing to the laboratory in bottles were kept in a clean, cool and dry place. For collection and preservation of samples, care was taken to obtain a sample that was truly representative of existing conditions and to handle it in such a way that it did not deteriorate or become uncontaminated before it reached the laboratory. All materials coming into contact with the sample namely glass or plastic and a samplecontainer was thoroughly washed and rinsed with distilled water. The samples were stored at 4^oC temperature in a refrigerator. From the collected water samples, the following chemical properties such as; pH, EC, NO₃-N and NH₄-N, PO4, Ca and Mg were analyzed in the Soil Science Laboratory, BINA. The obtained data were subject subjected to statistical analysis using MSTAT-C programme and significant spatial and temporal variations were assessed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) at 5% level.

Source of Information: Bangladesh Journal of Nuclear Agriculture. Vol: 29, pp: 91-103, ISSN 0258-7130, 2013

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. Government

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The Balu river water contains acceptable value/amount of pH, NO₃ – N, NH₄ – N and Ca whereas, the EC, PO₄ and Mg exceeded the recommended limit for drinking and irrigation water. Therefore, it is hazardous for human health, crops and aquaculture. From the results of the experiment it is clearly evident that the concentrations of studied pollutants were higher during dry season particularly in the month of November to January, when the rainfall was comparatively low or absent and water current is not sufficient to remove this pollutants. But during the wet season the values were generally low and fall within various standard levels. The excess toxic metal load of river water could be attributed to the discharge of industrial effluents and municipal wastes, geology of river bed and catchment area. Adoption of adequate measures to remove the chemical load from the industrial waste water and renovation of sewage treatment plants are suggested to avoid further deterioration of the river water quality. Routine research work with wide public awareness, government participation and government regulations can save the water of Balu river and thus safe and sound water environment can be made for future.

Knowledge Management: Journal