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Comparative Effectiveness of Neem Extracts and Synthetic Organic Insecticide Against Mustard Aphid

Gobinda Chandra biswas
SSO
ORC, BARI, Gazipur

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Effectiveness of different doses of neem extracts and a synthetic organic insecticide against mustard aphid was studied in the experimental farm of the Oilseed Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Joydebpur, Gazipur, during two consecutive years 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 for the control of mustard aphid. Eight treatments were evaluated against mustard aphid under field condition. The maximum aphid population was (180 per plant) observed at the pod formation stage of mustard crop. Among the treatments, Malataf (Malathion 57EC) @ 2ml/l significantly reduced the highest aphid population (93.75%) over pretreatment which produced the highest seed yield (1440 Kg ha ^-1) of mustard. The neem leaf extracts reduced 63.16-72.55% aphid population in mustard while neem seed extract reduced 73-81% aphid population over pretreated plants in both the years. Among the different doses of neem extracts, the highest aphid population reduction over pretreatment (81%) was recorded from 50g neem seed per litre of water treated plots with high MBCR (3.88) followed by 75g neem seed/l treated plots having reduction of 80% and MBCR 3.78.

Keywords: Effectiveness, Neem extract, Insecticides, Musrard and Aphids

Location: Gazipur

Start Date: 15-08-2010

End Date: 30-06-2012

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Mustard

Objectives:

To know the incidence, infestation and find out the most effective dose of neem extract for eco-friendly management of mustard aphid.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted at the Oilseed Research Centre (ORC), Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Joydebpur, Gazipur, during Rabi seasons of two consecutive years 2010-2011 and 2011-2012. Seeds of mustard variety BARI Sarisha-15 were sown on November 15, of each years in 4m X 2m size plots following RCB design with 3 replications. Fertilization and other intercultural operations were done uniformly for raising the crop as per recommendation of Mondal and Wahhab (2001). Eight treatments namely, T₁= neem leaf extract (NLE) @ 25g/l, T₂= NLE 50g/l, T₃=NLE 75g/l, T₄= Neem seed extract (NSE) 25g/l, T₅= NSE 50g/l, T₆= NSE 75g/l, T₇₌Malataf (Malathion) 57 EC @ 2ml/l and T₈= untreated control treatments were evaluated against mustard aphid under field condition.

Fresh green neem leaf was collected from the neem tree and weighed (25g, 50g and 75g, respectively). Then the leaf was crushed (smashed) and extracted in 250ml organic solvent (ethanol) and stirred for 30 minutes and the solution was filtered through filter paper. From the stock solution 100 ml mixed with 1 (one) liter of water. Then the solution was ready for spray. Similarly, fresh ripe neem seed were sundried for 5 days and then dried in an oven at 80⁰ C for an hour. Endosperm was separated from the seed and weighed (25g, 50g and 75g, respectively). Then the crushed seeds were extracted in ethanol and water. Similar procedure was followed for neem seeds extraction. A total of 1.50 litre of organic solvent was used for both leaf and seed extraction. Botanicals and insecticide were applied with the help of knapsack sprayer on January 20, & 27, 2011 and 2012 at 7 days intervals at the pod formation stage. Randomly 10 plants were selected per plot for counting aphid populations. Both adult and nymph population was counted insitu on the top of 10 cm inflorescence of the plant before spray and 2, 5, 7 and 14 days after 2nd spray in all the treatments. Per cent aphid population reduction over pretreatment in each treatment was calculated. The crop was harvested on third week of February in each year. Seed yield of different treatments were recorded. Data were compiled and analyzed statistically. Benefit cost ratio (BCR) of the different treatments were also calculated.

Source of Information: Bangladesh Journal of Agric. Research. 38(2): 181-187, 2013

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. Government

Budget: 14000/-

Total Budget (Tk.) : 14000/-

Achievement/Findings:

Initially aphids appeared on the unsprayed plot of mustard crop in the first week of January, 2011 and 2012 at the flowering and pod formation stages of the crop (50 DAS) and their infestation continued up to 3rd week of February at the pre-maturity stage (70 DAS). The highest number of aphid was (180 and 160 aphid / plant) observed in the first week of February in both the years and then their population declined gradually . Comparatively higher number of aphid was observed in 2012 than 2011. The different doses (25g, 50g, 75g/l) of neem leaf extract reduced 63.16- 72.55% aphid population over pretreatment while neem seed extracts reduced 73.00- 80.50% aphid population over pretreatment in mustard crop. The chemical insecticide Malataf (Malathion 57EC )@ 2ml/l significantly reduced the highest aphid population (93.75%) over pretreatment. Among the different doses of neem extracts treatments, the highest aphid population reduction was recorded from neem seed extract @ 50g/l treated plots (80.50%) followed by NSE @ 75g/l treated plot (79.90%) over pretreatment. But no significant different reduction was observed between 50g and 75g/l of both NLE and NSE treated plots

The significantly the highest seed yield of mustard (1440 Kg ha ^-1) was obtained from the Malataf @ 2ml/l treated plots followed by neem seed extract @ 75g/l treated plots (1365 Kg ha ^-1) and 50g/l treated plots (1345 Kg ha ^-1. But there was no significantly different yield was produced between 50g/L and 75g/l of neem seed treated plots. Untreated plot produced the significantly the lowest seed yield (1150 kg ha ^-1). The highest MBCR (4.80) was calculated from Malataf treated plot followed by neem seed extract @ 50g/l treated plot (3.88) (Table 3). This result revealed that neem extracts are effective in checking the aphid population in mustard up to two weeks and about 81.00% reduction may achieved. However, their performance was inferior to Malataf treated plots. Although neem extracts fail to reduce about maximum aphid population (94%) like chemical insecticides but use of neem extract is an eco-friendly management tactics of aphid. It is cheap and safe for pollinators and natural enemies especially coccinellid predators attacking aphids and also safe for the environment. This information would be helpful to the mustard growers in Bangladesh.

Knowledge Management: Journal