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Genetic Diversity in Local Rainfed Rice (oryza Sativa L.)

Md. Abubakar Siddique
Scientific Officer
Genetic Resources and Seed Division (GRSD), BRRI, Gazipur-1701

Ebna Syod Md. Harunur Rashid
Scientific Officer
Genetic Resources and Seed Division (GRSD), BRRI, Gazipur-1701

Mohammad Khaleuzzaman
PSO
Genetic Resources and Seed Division (GRSD), BRRI, Gazipur-1701

Mohammad Zahidul Islam
Scientific Officer
Genetic Resources and Seed Division (GRSD), BRRI, Gazipur-1701

Meer Sharf Uddin Ahmed
SSO
Genetic Resources and Seed Division (GRSD), BRRI, Gazipur-1701

Md. Humayun Kabir Baktiar
SO
Genetic Resources and Seed Division (GRSD), BRRI, Gazipur-1701

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Genetic diversity of 58 traditional local rice genotypes was studied under rainfed condition through Mahalanobis D² statistic for grain yield and yield contributing characters. The genotypes were grouped into nine clusters. The inter- cluster distances were higher than intra-cluster distances indicating wider genetic diversity among the genotypes of different clusters. The intra-cluster distances were lower in all the cases reflecting homogeneity of the genotypes within the clusters. Regarding inter-cluster distance, the genotypes of cluster IV showed high genetic distance from all other clusters. The genotypes from cluster IV could be hybridized with the genotypes of other clusters for producing transgressive segregants. Based on positive value of vector 1 and 2, flag leaf length, plant height, panicle length and grain breath had maximum contribution towards genetic divergence. The highest cluster means for yield, 1000 grain weight and grain breath were obtained from cluster VIII . The highest plant height, flag leaf width and panicle length were found in cluster II while the lowest mean value for yield, days to flowering and maturity, unfilled grain and highest mean value for grain length breadth ratio were found in cluster II. Therefore, more emphasis should be given on cluster IV and VIII, cluster I and IV for selecting genotypes as parents for crossing with the genotypes of cluster II which would be used to produce new recombinants with desired traits.

Keywords: Genetic diversity, D2 analysis, Cluster analysis, Rice (Oryza sativa L)

Location: Genetic Resources and Seed Division (GRSD)

Start Date: 01-07-2009

End Date: 30-12-2009

Program Area: Conservation and Biodiversity

Commodity: Rice

Objectives:

The present study was undertaken to assess the extent of genetic diversity in 58 traditional rice varieties. This will help in classifying those into clusters to select varieties as prospective parents to develop transgressive segregants which will be ultimately used for developing modern variety.

Methodology:

Fifty eight rice genotypes including one salt tolerant variety selected from the germplasm bank of Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), Gazipur were grown under rainfed condition (T. Aman) in 2009. The trial was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Thirty days-old seedlings from each entry were transplanted using single seedling per hill in 2.4 m² plot following 25 cm and 20 cm space between rows and plants, respectively. Fertilizers were applied @ 80:60:40: 12 kg N, P, K and S per hectare. All the fertilizers except N were applied at final land preparation. Nitrogen was applied in three equal splits, at 15 days after transplanting (DAT), at 35 DAT and just before flowering. Intercultural operations and pest control measures were done as and when necessary. At maturity, grain yield (g/hill) was taken and adjusted at 14% moisture level. Ten plants from each entry were randomly selected for recording data on flag leaf length (cm), flag leaf width (cm), plant height (cm), days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, panicle length (cm), grain length (mm), grain breadth (mm), length-breadth ratio, 1000 grain weight (g), filled grains panicle^-1, unfilled grains panicle^-1 and yield hill^-1 (g). The data were analyzed following principal component analysis (PCA) and Mahalanobis's (1936) generalized distance (D²) extended by Rao (1952). Intra and inter cluster distances were calculated by the methods of Singh and Chaudhary (1985). All statistical analyses were carried out using Genstat 5.5.

Source of Information: Bangladesh Journal of Plant Breeding and Genetics, ISSN:1026-3071, Volume:23, Issue: 2, Pages:41-46, Year:2010

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. Government

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

58 genotypes were grouped into nine clusters. Cluster IV produced the highest inter-cluster distances with other clusters. The highest cluster means for yield, 1000 grain weight and grain breadth were obtained from cluster VIII. The highest plant height, flag leaf width and panicle length were found in cluster II while the lowest mean value for yield, days to 50% flowering and maturity, unfilled grain and highest mean value for grain length breadth ratio were found in cluster I.. Therefore, the genotypes of cluster IV can be used in hybridization program to produce higher yielding genotypes; and cluster VIII and II for for crossing with the genotypes of cluster I which may produce new recombinants with desired traits. The canonical vector analysis revealed that the vectors (I and II) for flag leaf length, plant height, panicle length and grain breadth were positive indicated that these four characters contributed maximum towards divergence. However, considering the yield, filled grains panicle^-1, 1000-grain weight, crosses involving cluster VIII and cluster IV may exhibit high heterosis for yield. Again, considering growth duration, fertile grains and plant height, crosses between cluster I and IV may exhibit higher heterosis for earliness and dwarf stature. Similarly; the genotypes of cluster IV might be crossed with the genotypes of cluster VIII to get higher grain yield. So, based on this result, the genotypes under cluster IV and cluster VIII, cluster I and cluster IV might be selected for future breeding program.

Knowledge Management: Journal