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Effect of Biotic and Abiotic Factors on the Quality of Black Gram (vigna Mungo L.) Seed

M. S. Hossain
Bangladesh Sugarcane Research Institute, Ishurdi, Pabna, Bangladesh

M. A. K. Al Azad
Bangladesh Sugarcane Research Institute, Ishurdi, Pabna, Bangladesh

M. R.U. B. Shaheen
Upazilla Agriculture officer, Shaver, Dhaka, Bangladesh

M. A. Hasan
Bangladesh Sugarcane Research Institute, Ishurdi, Pabna, Bangladesh

R. C. Kabiraj
Bangladesh Sugarcane Research Institute, Ishurdi, Pabna, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An experiment was conducted in the Laboratory of Agronomy Department of Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh during the period from 16 April 2008 to 23 June 2008 to study the effect of biotic and abiotic factors on the quality of black gram seed. The seed moisture, abnormal seedling and dead seed were increased with increasing time of storage in sealed container, polythene bag and gunny bag and increasing rate was higher in seeds of gunny bag. On the other hand, after storage germination percentage was declined and the decline rate was higher in seeds of gunny bag. The results indicate that container is the deciding factor for retaining seed quality in the store. In case of germination percentage it was more than 80% in the seeds remained in the sealed container and polythene bag at 60 DAS, which was at per the national seed standard of Bangladesh. The gunny bag is a permeable container that helped the seeds to absorb moisture from the atmosphere and consequently decreased the germination percentage of the concerned seeds. Several unidentified fungi were found and pulse beetle (Calosobruchus chinensis) was started feeding on the seeds of gunny bag. It indicated that presence of insects is directly related to moisture content of seeds. So, it may be concluded from the results that sealed container and polythene bag are the most effective containers for quality seed storage and may be recommended for general practice.

Keywords: Black gram, Storage condition, Biotic and Abiotic Factors

Location: Laboratory of Agronomy Department of Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh

Start Date: 16-04-2008

End Date: 23-06-2008

Program Area: Postharvest and Agro-processing

Commodity: Black gram

Objectives:

1. To identify a safe storage container for black gram seed. 2. To identify the optimum initial moisture content of black gram for safe storage 3. To determine the effect of relative humidity and temperature on the longevity of black gram seed 4. To determine the interaction between storage container and initial moisture content of the seed on the storage longevity

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted at Laboratory of Agronomy Department of Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University (HSTU), Dinajpur during the period from 16 April 2008 to 23 June 2008. The experiment had two factors. Factor A: moisture content of seed - There were two levels of moisture i) Initial moisture content (10.5%) before sun drying (M₁), and ii) Initial moisture content (9.0%) after sun drying (M₂). Factor B: Storage container - There were three types of container i) Sealed container (C₁), ii) Polythene bag (C₂), and iii) Gunny bag (C₃). The experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications and conducted in room temperature and prevailing relative humidity. The moisture content of seed was determined by using high constant temperature oven method and the initial moisture was 10.50 %. Then the seeds were dried in sun for 17 hours and again moisture was determined by moisture meter and that was 9 %. Seeds with initial moisture were kept in the three different containers as per treatment and seeds with moisture content after sun drying also was kept in those types of container. Data were collected during the storage period on germination test and moisture test at 30, 45 and 60 days after storage. Moisture content was determined by using high constant temperature oven method following International Rules for Seed Testing in the Laboratory of Agronomy Department of HSTU. From each 3 types of container 3 g of seeds kept on two levels of moisture content were taken and were poured separately in Petri dish and kept in an oven maintained at a temperature of 130-133⁰C for a period of 17 hours. The moisture content of seeds (wet basis) was determined by the following formula. %MC = [(M₂ - M₃)/(M₂ - M₁)] x 100, where, M₁ = Wt. of container, M₂ = Wt. of container + seeds of moisture level before sun drying, and M₃ =Wt. of container + seeds of moisture level after sun drying. Seeds from each container as per treatment were taken out at 30, 45 and 60 days after storage for germination test. Germination test was performed following TP (Top of Paper) method. For each replication 100 seeds were placed on substratum saturated with water. At the first count on 3rd days after setting for germination only normal seedlings were carefully counted on each replication and removed and all other seeds were left until the final count and continued up to 7 days. Abnormal growth and dead seeds were not counted. Germination percentage was calculated by using the following formula Germination % = (Number of normal seedlings produced/Number of seeds tested) x 100. The data were analyzed by using Statistical Computer Programme MSTAT-C according to the principles of Completely Randomized Design. Duncun’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) was performed to compare variations among treatments

Source of Information: BANGLADESH RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS JOURNAL; ISSN: 1998-2003, Volume: 5, Issue: 2, Page: 103-110, March -April, 2011

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Significant variation was observed between two levels of moisture content in germination of seeds during storage period. Germination percentage in M₁ level of seeds was statistically lower at all sampling dates than M₂ level of seeds. The lowest germinations in M₁ and M₂ levels of moisture content were 70.66% and 73.33% at 60 DAS. Higher moisture content during seed storage was one of the important reasons that losses viability of seeds and causes lower germination. The moisture accelerates the respiration rate of seed and the microorganisms get favourable conditions.

Knowledge Management: Journal