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Effect of Arsenic (naaso2) on the Histological Change of Snakehead Fish, Channa Punctata

Mosharrof Hossain
Department of Zoology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Sodium arsenite (NaAsO₂) considered effective for aquatic weed control, has been found to be harmful to several species of freshwater teleost fishes. Channa punctata was exposed to NaAsO₂ at the concentrations of 100µl/30g and 200µl//30g body weight per fish and cultured for 14 days post exposure respectively. Tissue disorientation, peliosis and vacuolization accompanied by karyolysis, apoptosis and necrosis in the liver and heart were significant on days onwards. Irregularities in the intestines including apoptotic and necrotic cells were also common, enlargement of the mucosa and submucosa was noted. Corresponding with the histopathological lesions, necrosis of liver cells and intestinal functions or induction of heart muscles at the early phase of arsenic exposure may be the possible causes of fish death.

Keywords: Arsenic, Channa punctata, Histology, Fish pathology

Location: Aquaculture Research Laboratory in the Department of Zoology, University of Rajshahi

Start Date: 00-07-2011

End Date:

Program Area: Risk Management in Agriculture

Commodity: Arsenic

Objectives:

Considering the inter species variability in sodium arsenite induced intoxication responses, the present study was an attempt to investigate the histological changes in heart, liver and intestine of C. punctata.

Methodology:

The adult fish C. punctata were collected from commercial fishermen and brought to the laboratory during the month of July 2011. The fish were average 12-15 cm in length and 30-35g body weight was selected as the test species owing to its hardy nature to survive under laboratory conditions and sensitive to small environmental changes. C. punctata were acclimatized separately under laboratory conditions in the Aquaculture Research Laboratory in the Department of Zoology. A batch of 5 adult healthy fish were stocked in three glass aquaria measuring 40×20×20cm each containing 25L of water, and acclimatized in the tap water for 14 days. Before they were subjected to arsenic treatment, the fishes were fed and the water was changed daily to discard the metabolic wastes. Fitness of the test animals is of prime importance in toxicity assay studies. Therefore diseased fishes or fishes showing any abnormal behavior were removed from the aquaria as soon as possible. Unnecessary handling of the fish was also strictly avoided. Experimental design The acclimatized fishes were divided into three groups; Group A, all fishes were exposed to 100µl arsenic (NaAsO₂) /30g body weight to each fish by intraperitoneal injection. Group B, all fishes were exposed 200µl arsenic (NaAsO₂) /30g body weight in the same way. Third group of fishes were injected tap water by intraperitoneal injection as controls. The water of these aquaria was also changed every other day. A record of their mortality was maintained for 14 days post exposure. Histological study For the histological studies live fishes were anesthetized in MS 222 solution at the end of experiment and tissues were dissected out immediately. To compare the arsenic effect the heart, liver and intestine of live or dead fishes were sampled aseptically from each of the groups. The tissues were fixed in Bouins fluid and preserved in 10% buffered formalin for further studies.

Source of Information: J. Life Earth Sci., Vol. 7: 67-70, 2012, ISSN 1990-4827

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The results of this work identify a number of tissues alterations, should be evaluated for use in environmental monitoring programs are a useful indicators of arsenic toxicity in freshwater fishes. At the tissue and organ levels, histopathological examinations of liver, heart and intestines are recommended, as both examinations were sensitive to arsenic exposure, with damage occurring in fish as intraperitoneal injections as low as 100µl arsenic each fish. It would be valuable to analyze fish from arsenic contaminated freshwater habitats in order to determine if the results of this study are applicable to fish exposed to arsenic in the field.

Knowledge Management: Journal