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Climate Change Impacts, Vulnerability and Adaptation: Sustaining Rice Production in Bangladesh. Trial:improving Water Productivity for Different Crops in Rajshahi and BARIsal Regions-2014

Dr M Maniruzzaman
PSO
Irrigation and Water Management Division, BRRI, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh

Dr. Jatish C Biswas
CSO and Head
Soil Science Division, BRRI, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Demonstrations were conducted to adopt the improved varieties for improving land and water productivity in Rajshahi and Barisal regions. Stress tolerant varieties were introduced along with modern cultural management and compared with farmers practices. About 120-160 mm irrigation water was needed for wheat and about 60 mm for mustard crop cultivation. Water productivity of wheat and mustard was 13.08-17.12 kg/ha-mm and 4.84-8.22 kg/ha-mm, respectively. In Barisal region, establishment of dry season crops was delayed because of land topography resulting in low yield and reduced water productivity. Boro rice and non-rice crops received 168 mm and 126 mm rainfall, respectively. Total amount of water used for Boro rice was 948-1144 mm depending on locations and water productivity varied from 3.60 to 5.27 kg/ha-mm. Wheat required about 120 mm irrigation water along with rainfall (126 mm). Water productivity of wheat and mustard was 3.62-8.86 kg/ha-mm and 4.96-7.79 kg/ha-mm, respectively in Barisal region. Transplanted (TP) Aus rice in Rajshahi region was grown as rainfed crop (324 mm), though 2-3 supplemental irrigation (120-180 mm water) was needed. Direct-seeded (DS) Aus rice was grown as rinfed (316 mm rainfall) crop and required 70 mm irrigation water. Water productivity of TP and DS Aus rice was 7.21-9.23 and 7.64-8.65 kg/ha-mm, respectively. In Barisal region, Aus rice was cultivated using tidal water and rainfall (435 mm) and water productivity was 6.65-9.43 kg/ha-mm. The TP rice (monsoon crop) in Rajshahi region was grown utilizing rain water (440-537 mm) along with 120-240 mm irrigation water. With TP rice, water productivity was 5.55-7.37 kg/ha-mm depending on growth duration of varieties in monsoon season. Water productivity of DS Aman rice was 4.00-5.71 kg/ha-mm. In Barisal region, tidal and rain water (438 mm) was used for T. Aman rice and water productivity was 9.18-10.75 kg/ha-mm.

Keywords: Drought prone region, Climate change, Water productivity

Location: Rajshahi and Barisal Regions

Start Date: 00-00-2011

End Date: 00-00-2014

Program Area: Risk Management in Agriculture

Non-commodity: Adoption of technology

Objectives:

To adopt the improved varieties for improving land and water productivity in Rajshahi and Barisal regions.

Methodology:

In drought prone Rajshahi region, demonstrations were conducted at farmers’ fields of Godagari and Tanore upazilas of Rajshahi and Gomastapur upazila of Chapai-Nawabganj districts during 2011-2014. It was Amtali and Patharghata upazilas of Barguna and Kalapara upazila of Patuakhali districts under Barisal division. In each upazila 15 farmers were selected for wheat (BARI Gom24, BARI Gom26 and BARI Gom28), mustard (BARI Sharisa14 and BARI Sharisa15) and chickpea (BARI Chola5 and BARI Chola9) covering 1320 square meter (33 decimals) area/plot for Rabi season. In pre-monsoon season, 10 farmers were selected for each of BRRI dhan48 and BRRI dhan55 covering 1320 square meter (33 decimals) area/plot. In Tanore upazila, DS rice culture was used. In monsoon season, 15 farmers were selected for each rice variety covering 1320 square meter (33 decimals) of area/plot. BRRI dhan49, BRRI dhan56, BRRI dhan57, Binadhan-7 and Swarna were cultivated as TP rice. However, DS Aman rice was cultivated to cope low rainfall situations. Due to lack of irrigation facilities in Rajshahi areas, a number of on-farm water reservoirs was constructed to conserve rain water and to facilitate supplemental irrigation in Aus, Aman and Rabi seasons.

Source of Information: Proceedings of the BRRI Annual review for 2014, BRRI, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1.

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Rajshahi region

During Dry season, average grain yield of wheat in researcher’s management (RM) varied from 3.40 to 4.45 t/ha with an average yield of 4.04-4.24 t/ha. Potential yields of those varieties were 3.00-5.00 t/ha (Mondal et al., 2011) indicating that field performance was very much satisfactory. In farmers practice (FP) plots, grain yield of wheat varied from 3.23 to 3.75 t/ha. In mustard, grain yield (0.99 to 1.48 t/ha) was quite good in RM plots with an average of 1.18-1.27 t/ha. In RM plots, average grain yield T. Aus was 3.20-4.10 t/ha depending on varieties. In FP, it was 3.35-3.84 t/ha. The WP for T. Aus in RM varied from 7.21-9.23 kg/ha-mm and for FP it was 7.64-8.65 kg/ha-mm. In DS rice, grain yield was poor (2.18- 2.45 t/ha) resulting in low WP (5.65 to 6.35 kg/ha-mm). But, it created an avenue to cultivate rice without or poor irrigation facilities in high Barind areas. Even in wet season, 120-180 mm supplemental irrigation water was needed for growing T. Aman rice having 537 mm and 440 mm effective rainfall for medium and short duration variety, respectively (Table 48). In RM, grain yield medium duration variety was 3.34-4.64 t/ha having 4.70-6.51 kg/ha-mm WP. In DS rainfed rice culture, grain yield was 2.15-3.07 t/ha for medium duration variety and 1.80-2.24 t/ha for short duration variety.

Barisal region

Average grain yield of rice in RM plot was satisfactory (3.80-5.21 t/ha) with an average of 4.04-4.76 t/ha in Amtali and Kalapara upazilas, but in FP plot it was 3.88-4.71 t/ha. Trapped water salinity was less than 2.5 dS/m. Boro rice crop was damaged by Mohasen (a cyclone held on 16 May, 2013) at Patharghata. Aus rice is mainly grown as rainfed crop in Barisal region along with use of tidal water in most Aus rice lands. Average grain yield of T. Aus rice in RM plots was 3.14-4.10 t/ha and corresponded water productivity was 7.22 to 9.43 kg/ha mm depending on varieties. In FP, grain yields of Aus rice varied from 2.89 to 3.23 t/ha and water productivity from 6.65 to 7.43 kg/ha-mm. In Barisal region, long duration rice variety was cultivated by using rainfall and tidal water. Grain yield in RM plots varied from 3.92 to 4.81 t/ha with WP of 8.95 to 10.98 kg/ha-mm. In FP plots, mainly local variety was cultivated considering land suitability and tidal water depth. Grain yield of those varieties varied from 4.19 to 4.50 t/ha with corresponding WP of 9.57 to 10.27 kg/ha-mm

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings