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Evaluation of Milk Urea Nitrogen of Dairy Cows Reared Under Different Feed Bases in the Different Seasons

M A Baset
Department of Animal Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

K S Huque
Animal Production Research Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka 1341, Bangladesh

N R Sarker
Animal Production Research Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka 1341, Bangladesh

M M Hossain
Department of Animal Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

M N Islam
Department of Dairy Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Ten cows, each of native (local cow) and crossbred (local × crossbred) origins differing in lactation yield were used in 2×2×2×2 factorial experiment using RBD to evaluate existing milk urea nitrogen (MUN) of cows considering regions and seasons. The live weight and BCS of cows under good feed base management condition was higher than of the poor feed base management condition. Feed intake of cows under good and feed base management condition was significantly (P<0.01) higher than of the intake of cows under poor feed base condition. Daily dry matter intake (DMI) of cows under good and poor feed base condition was 8.53 and 5.40 kg, respectively. Daily ME intake of cows under good and poor feed base management condition were 70.23 and 40.20 MJ, respectively. The requirements of ME (ARC, 1994) were 83.3 and 51.7 MJ, respectively. The intake of CP, RDP and UDP were 839.0, 488.5 and 350.9 g/d, respectively in good feed base and 386.0, 166.0 and 220.0 g/d, respectively in poor feed base region. The daily protein intake as live weight and milk production in good and poor feed base management condition were significantly (P<0.01) lower (-270.0 and -164.5 g, respectively) than the requirement (ARC, 1994). The daily RDP intake were significantly (P<0.01) lower than the requirement (ARC, 1994). Daily milk yield and 4% FCM of cows under good feed base condition were 6.76 and 6.49 kg, respectively and under poor feed base condition were 3.67 and 3.31 kg, respectively, which differed significantly (P<0.01). The milk protein, lactose, SNF, minerals and total solids under good feed base condition were 3.79, 5.49, 10.09, 0.63 and 14.06%, respectively and under poor feed base condition were 3.63, 5.29, 9.80, 0.61 and 13.52, respectively, which were significantly (P<0.01) influenced by feed base. MUN and BUN under good feed base condition were found 38.86 and 40.98 mg/dl, respectively and under poor feed base condition 28.55 and 33.13 mg/dl, respectively, and this difference between the two areas were statistically significant (P<0.01). The live weight of cow was 284.0 kg in the dry season and in the winter season 282.3 kg which did not differ significantly (P>0.05). Intake of CP and RDP in dry season was found 664 and 358.5 g/d, respectively and in the wet season it was 561 and 296 g/d, respectively, which differed significantly (P<0.01). BUN and MUN in dry season were 37.35 and 36.79 mg/dl, respectively and in wet season 36.75 and 36.87 mg/dl, respectively. The live weight and BCS of crossbred cows was higher than that of the local cows. The live weight and BCS of crossbred cow were 318.8 kg & 2.85, respectively and of local cow were 247.5 kg & 2.34, respectively, which was significantly (P<0.01) higher than local cow. The daily DMI of local cow was 5.75 kg and crossbred cow was 8.17 kg, which differed significantly (P<0.01). Daily ME intake of crossbred cow (64.82 MJ) was significantly (P<0.01) higher than local cow (45.60 MJ), which were lowered compared to the requirement as per ARC (1994). Daily CP, RDP and UDP intake of crossbred cow were 708, 378 and 330 g, respectively and of local cow were 517, 276 and 240 g, respectively; which differed significantly (P<0.01). Daily milk yield and 4%FCM of local cows.

Keywords: Milk urea nitrogen, Feed base, Dairy cow

Location: Baghabari (Sirajgonj)

Start Date: 00-02-2009

End Date: 00-11-2009

Program Area: Food Safety and Security

Commodity: Milk

Objectives:

To determine the on-farm plane of nutrition of cows and
To determine the existing status of MUN in relation to region, season, and genotype.

Methodology:

Animal and site selection: Ten cows, each of native (local cow) and crossbred (Local × Holstein-Friesian) origins (genotypes) differing in lactation yield were selected in Baghabari (Sirajgonj), a good feed base and Burirhat (Rangpur), a poor feed base region of the country in dry (November to February) and wet (June to October) seasons in 2009. A “good and/or poor feed base” region was classified based on the availability of quantity and quality roughages throughout the year. The villages were purposively selected with the help of Milkvita (Bangladesh Milk Producer’s Cooperative Union Ltd., Bangladesh) officials in each region. Animal weighing and body condition score (BCS): The live weight of each cow was measured using a calibrated digital animal weighing balance (Baset et al., 2010). BCS was assessed by palpating individual body parts and an average score was recorded on a 5-point scale, where 1 was emaciated and 5 was obese (Wildman et al., 1982). Measurement of feed intake and chemical composition: The roughage and concentrate feeds were supplied 2/2.5 times daily by the respective farmers to the selected cows, in the morning and evening. The concentrate feeds were given before and roughage feeds after each milking. Cows consumed all the concentrates but sometimes refused rice straw and green grasses. For measuring feed intake, rice straw and green grasses were weighed every day before supplying to the cow; next morning left over of straw and green grasses were weighed. Data on feeds and refusals were recorded and analyzed for nutrient composition according to AOAC (2004) in the laboratory of Animal Production Research Division (APRD) of Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI). Milk yield and milk composition: The daily milk yield of individual cow was recorded and milk samples were collected in a fixed day in each week from milk collection bucket from morning and afternoon milking by through mixing the milk container. Samples were preserved at -20°C and carried out at BLRI through ice box and were analyzed for fat, protein, lactose, Solids-Not-Fat (SNF) and minerals in Dairy Science Laboratory of APRD, BLRI using a Milk Analyzer (LactoStar, Funke Gerber). Determination of BUN and MUN: Blood samples were collected directly from the jugular vein and serum was separated. Samples were preserved at -20°C and carried out at BLRI through ice box. Milk and blood serum were analyzed according to Baset et al. (2009). Statistical analysis: Intakes of metabolizable energy (ME), crude protein (CP), RDP and rumen undegradable protein (UDP) of cows were calculated. Requirements of ME, CP, RDP and UDP of cows were calculated according to ARC (1994). Data were analyzed in a 2×2×2×2 factorial experiment and subjected to ANOVA following the principles of RCBD using computer package GENSTAT (Lawes Agricultural Trust, 1997) and SED or LSD differentiated treatment means. Pearson correlation and linear regression were done among the parameter where it was found appropriate.

Source of Information: J. Sci. Foundation, 8(1&2): 97-110, June-December 2010 ISSN 1728-7855

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

MUN depends on genotype, stage of lactation and plane nutrition of cows, more specifically on dietary crude protein and rumen degradable protein. Dietary intake of nutrients was not fulfilled the requirement of cows, still then, level of MUN was found higher compared to other studies. In this study MUN concentration was found 28.55 to 38.86 mg/dl.

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