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Isolation and Identification of Bacterial Flora from Internal Organs of Broiler and Their Antibiogram Studies

Sampa Rani Roy
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Md. Bahanur Rahman
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Jayedul Hassan
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

K. H. M. Nazmul Hussain Nazir*
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, South Korea

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The present research work was carried out for the isolation and identification of bacterial flora from internal organs of broiler during the period from January 2012 to June 2012. Ten Hubbard classic broiler bird were purchased from retail market in Mymensingh, Bangladesh. The birds were sacrificed and their liver, lung, esophagus, duodenum and tracheal swab samples were collected (n=50). Using standard bacteriological techniques, Escherichia coli was isolated from 26 (52%) samples. Similarly, Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus spp., Bacillus spp., and Pasteurella spp. were isolated from 15 (30%), 10 (20%), 9 (18%) and 4 (8%) samples, respectively. On the basis of individual sample type, E. coli could be isolated from 8 (80%) duodenum samples being the most prevalent organism. On the other hand, Salmonella spp., Staphylococci spp., Bacillus spp. and Pasteurella spp. were identified in 5 (50%) lungs, 5 (50%) liver, 4 (40%) duodenum and 2 (20%) lungs samples, respectively. Among these isolated bacteria, E. coli was found to be pathogenic for mice. Antibiogram studies revealed that Ciprofloxacin was highly sensitive against all the isolated bacteria. Diversified bacterial species are prevalent in broiler. However, E. coli and Salmonella spp. infection might make the bird vulnerable for easy access of infection. Proper vaccination and use of selective antibiotics are crucial in protecting broilers from these pathogens.

Keywords: Broiler, Internal organ, Normal flora, Antibiogram

Location: Bacteriology Laboratory of the Department of Microbiology and Hygiene under Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU).

Start Date: 00-01-2012

End Date: 00-06-2012

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Chicken

Objectives:

This study was designed to isolate and identify the associated bacteria prevalent in internal organs of broiler birds and to find out the effective antibiotics against the bacteria through antibiogram studies.

Methodology:

Collection of Samples: The research work was conducted during the period from January 2012 to June 2012. Ten Hubbard classic broiler birds were collected from retail marker in Mymensingh, Bangladesh. The birds were sacrificed and the liver, lung, esophagus, duodenum and tracheal swabs were collected aseptically. The collected samples were brought to the Bacteriology Laboratory of the Department of Microbiology and Hygiene under Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU) for microbiological analysis. Isolation of associated bacteria: Primary culture was performed in Nutrient agar and Nutrient broth media. For sub-culturing, suspected bacteria were inoculated separately onto different bacteriological agar media under aseptic condition and incubated at 37⁰C for 24 hours. Pure cultures were achieved as per procedures described by OIE (2000), Merchant and Packer (1967) and Cowan (1985). Identification of associated bacteria: Cultural, morphological and biochemical characteristics were studied in order to identify the bacterial flora. The cultural characteristics or colonial morphology of the bacteria grown on the nutrient and blood agar media were recorded. Gram staining was performed to study the morphology and staining characteristics of bacteria according to the technique described by Merchant and Packer (1967). Biochemical tests, such as sugar fermentation, coagulase, catalase, MR, VP, and indole tests, were performed per standard methods (Cheesbrough, 1985). Antibiotic sensitivity test: A previously described disc diffusion process, known as KirbyBauer method (Bauer et al., 1966; Jakaria et al. 2012) was used to determine the susceptibility of the bacterial isolates against selected antibiotic agents. For this purpose, eight different antibiotic discs were obtained from commercial sources (Oxoid Ltd, Baring-stoke, Hampshire, England). The selected antibiotics used were Ciprofloxacin (5 µg/disc), Cloxacillin (5 µg/disc), Amoxicillin (10 µg/disc), Chloramphenicol (30 µg/disc), Neomycin (30 µg/disc), Erythromycin (5 µg/disc), Ampicillin (30 µg/disc) and Colistin sulphate (25 µg/disc). The interpretation on susceptibility was done according to the guidelines of Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI, 2007; formerly known as NCCLS).

Source of Information: Microbes and Health, December 2012, 1(2): 72-75

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus spp., Bacillus spp., and Pasteurella spp. were isolated from internal organ samples of broilers collected from a local retail market in Bangladesh. Prudent use of antibiotics should be considered in broiler production (where permissible) since many strains are resistant to common antibiotics as described in this study. Potential drug resistant pathogens in otherwise normal broilers may be a serious concern for public health. Current findings warrants further studies with the isolated stains of bacteria.

Knowledge Management: Journal