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Growth Performance of Calamus Tenuis Roxb. (jali Bet) in the Coastal Homesteads of Bangladesh

Sk. Ahiul Islam
Plantation Trial Unit Division, Bangladesh Forest Research Institute (BFRI), Rupatoli, Barisal-8206, Bangladesh

Md. Golam Rasul
Plantation Trial Unit Division, Bangladesh Forest Research Institute (BFRI), Rupatoli, Barisal-8206, Bangladesh

Md. Ahsan Habib
Plantation Trial Unit Division, Bangladesh Forest Research Institute (BFRI), Rupatoli, Barisal-8206, Bangladesh

Md. Abdul Quddus Miah
Plantation Trial Unit Division, Bangladesh Forest Research Institute (BFRI), Rupatoli, Barisal-8206, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Trials were conducted in the rural homesteads to assess the propagation and growth performance of Calamus tenuis (jali bet) planted in the year 2010 and 2011 at 5 different sites, namely Char Kukri-Mukri (Bhola), Rangabali (Patuakhali), Char Osman (Noakhali), Sitakundu (Chittagong) and Kolatoli (Cox’s Bazar) in the coastal belt of Bangladesh. Data on survival, stem height, diameter, shoot production etc. were recorded from 4.5 years old and 3.5 years old two trial plantations. Result showed that the significantly greater stem height was recorded of 13.03m at Rangabali, greater diameter was 1.53cm at Cox’s Bazar and the greater number of shoots per clump was 27.45 at Char Kukri-Mukri site at the age of 4.5 years raised in 2010. In another experiment raised in 2011, the significantly greater height was 14.44m and the greater number of shoots produced per clump was 19.40 recorded from Rangabali site at the age of 3.5 years. The luxuriant stem growth was recorded from Char Kukri-Mukri and Rangabali areas and it was grown up to 21.15m and 20.0m respectively at the age of 4.5 years after planting. Therefore, this species can be planted in the coastal homesteads at wider scale for sustainable production of rattan (i.e., species of flexible palms in the tribe Calameae; an important non-timber mainly used for making baskets and furniture) resources in Bangladesh.

Keywords: Growth, Calamus Tenuis, Homesteads, Rattan, Coastal Belt and Shoot Production

Location: Char Kukri-Mukri (Bhola), Rangabali (Patuakhali), Char Osman (Noakhali), Sitakundu (Chittagong) and Kolatoli (Cox’s Bazar) in the coastal belt of Bangladesh.

Start Date: 00-00-2010

End Date: 00-00-2011

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Cane

Objectives:

To assess the growth performance and productivity of C. tenuis in the homesteads of the remote coastal areas of Bangladesh.

Methodology:

The Plantation trial Unit Division of Bangladesh Forest Research Institute carried out experiments with C. tenuis at 5 locations in all along the coastal belt since 2010-2011. Experiments were laid out at Char Kukri-Mukri under Bhola, Rangabali under Patuakhali, Char Osman under Noakhali, Sitakundu under Chittagong and Kolatoli under Cox’s Bazar coastal district. These coastal districts lie between latitude 21⁰26´-22⁰39´N and longitude 90⁰39´-91⁰58´ E. The area forms the lowest landmass and is part of the delta of the extended Himalayan drainage ecosystem. The landscapes have been formed by the combined actions of rivers Meghna, Brahmaputra and Ganges. Soils in the delta consist primarily of sands, silts, silty sands, sandy silts and clayey silts. The delta soils occur in the coastal region of the Ganges tidal flood plain, the young Meghna estuarine flood plain and the old Meghna estuarine flood plain. Salinity of the soil and water at this region decreases toward north and increases towards east and west taking Bhola district in the centre. In monsoon, water salinity ranges from 3-27 parts per thousands (ppt) while in the dry season from 10-33 ppt. Soil salinity ranges from 0.3-37.8 dS/m at different study sites. Temperatures range between 18 and 32⁰C. The amount of rainfall varies from 3000 mm in the west, 2300 mm in the centre, and as high as 4000 mm in the east coastal belt.
The most common propagation method for rattan is by seed. In this experiment, seedlings were raised from seeds in the nursery. The matured fruits were collected from phenotypically superior rattan plants. Fruits were soaked in water for 48 hours immediately after collection and then rubbing in water to remove mucilaginous protective coat by using wire mesh. Seeds were then sown in seed bed which was prepared by adding cow dung. Watering was done regularly in the seed bed. After 20-30 days of seed sowing, germination was started. Transplanting of seedlings was done when the first seedling leaves were fully expanded. At this stage, seedlings were uprooted carefully from the seed bed and then transplanted to the polybags of size 25cm x 15cm filled with mixed powdered loamy soils and cow dung at 3:1 ratio. Seedlings were then kept under shed for one week. After that seedlings were placed on normal nursery beds and maintenance was done for another 10-12 months. Seedlings of rattan were distributed to the selected farmers for planting on the farmer’s home garden during 2010 and 2011. In each year, 40 farmers were selected in each study site and 5-10 seedlings were distributed and planted in each homesteads. Planting was done under trees to support rattan seedlings to grow and climb. Mostly the supporting trees were mehgoni and rain tree. Data on seedlings survival, height, stem diameter at breast height, number of stems etc. were collected from the planted rattan groves in February 2015. Data were computed and analyzed using Microsoft office program Excel 2007 and Minitab statistical package developed at the Pennsylvania State University, USA during 1972.

Source of Information: Journal of Bioscience and Agriculture Research, Vol. 04, Issue 02: 74-79, 2015

Article Link (Online Journal): http://www.journalbinet.com/jbar-040215-45.html

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

C. tenuis is an economically important rattan species in Bangladesh. But the increasing demand of this species have resulted in their over exploitation during the past years. This situation is likely to worsen in the coming years unless efforts are made to raise artificial plantations in large scale in both forest areas and homesteads. Although survival of this species is poor in the coastal homesteads but promising growth and shoots production was observed in almost all sites of the coastal areas. Therefore, for the development of rattan population, large scale plantations programs with this species can be initiated with special care in all along the coastal belt. Thus, this can be an important source of income generation for the rural coastal people of Bangladesh. However, investigation of this experiment needs to be continued for another few years to determine further growth performance and harvesting schedule.

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