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Efficacy of Different Plant Extract on Reducing Seed Borne Infection and Increasing Germination of Collected Rice Seed Sample

Mansur Ahmed
Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202

Chandra Kanta Dash
Department of Entomology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100

Kamrul Hassan
Department of Entomology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100

Mehbub Hossain
Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Thirty six rice seed samples of varieties BR6, Pajam and Joya were collected from Parshuram upazila, Feni district of Bangladesh and nine seed-borne fungi were detected from these seed samples. The identified fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, F. moniliforme, Bipolaris oryzae, Alternaria padwickii, Curvularia lunata, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium sp. and Nigrospora oryzae. Five different plants extracts viz. garlic, allamanda, neem, chirata and bishkatali with two dilutions (1:1 & 1:2) were tested for seed treatment. Garlic extract (1:1) dilution found best for three varieties which successfully reduced seed-borne infection and also increased seed germination up to 68.39% over control. Neem (1:1) and chirata (1:1) extracts also increased seed germination up to 66.09% and 67.81%, respectively. Based on the present study, it may be concluded that among the five plant extracts with two dilutions (1:1 & 1:2), garlic (1:1) is most effective in controlling seed-borne fungal flora of rice followed by neem (1:1) and chirata (1:1) extract.

Keywords: Plant Extracts, Varieties, Seed Germination and Infection

Location: The experiment was carried out at the Seed Pathology Centre (SPC) and MS Laboratory of the Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh.

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Seed Technology

Commodity: Rice

Objectives:

To record the germination of seed samples and
To control the fungi in the seeds with different plant extracts.

Methodology:

Three rice varieties selected for the study were BR6, Pajam and Joya .The experiment was conducted following Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications. A total of 36 rice seed samples were collected from farmers of Porshuram Upazila of Feni District, Bangladesh.Twelve seed samples were collected from different part of the upazila for each rice variety. The samples were enclosed in paper bags with proper labeling, brought to the SPC laboratory and kept in the refrigerator at 5 ± 1°C until used for subsequent studies.Five different plant species namely Garlic, allamanda, neem, chirata and bishkatali collected from different areas of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh campus were used in this study.

Preparation of Plant Extracts

The collected plant parts were chopped after cleaning in running tap water. The extracts were prepared by crushing the plant parts or clove in a blender with distilled water in 1:1 ratio (eg. 1:1= 100 gm plant material crushed in 100 ml water) and 1:2 ratio (eg. 1:2= 100 gm plant material crushed in 200 ml water). The extracts were filtered through cheese cloth. The extracts thus obtained were kept in a refrigerator at 4°±1 until use.

Seed Treatment with Plant Extracts

Selected seed samples of rice were treated following dipping method. The seeds were dipped in 1:1 and 1:2 dilutions for 1 hour in previously prepared garlic cloves, allamanda, neem, chirata and biskatali leaf extracts. After 1 hour, plant extracts were drained out from the petridishes. The treated seeds were allowed to be dried up on filter paper for some time and were tested following the standard blotter method to observe the growth of different fungal colonies on the seeds. For each treatment 300 seeds with three replications were placed on six petridishes.

Treatments Employed

A total of eleven treatments (with one control) were used in the experiment are as follows: T₀ = Control T₁ = Garlic extract (1:1) T₂ = Neem extract (1:1) T₃ = Bishkatali extract (1:1) T₄ = Allamanda extract (1:1) T₅ = Chirata extract (1:1) T₆= Garlic extract (1:2) T₇ = Neem extract (1:2) T₈ = Bishkatali extract (1:2) T₉ = Allamanda extract (1:2) T₁₀= Chirata extract (1:2)

Statistical Analysis

The data collected from the experiment were analyzed for test of significance and compared the treatment means following Completely Randomized Design (CRD) by using Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 5% level of probability.

Source of Information: Universal Journal of Plant Science 1(3): 66-73, 2013

Article Link (Online Journal): http://www.hrpub.org DOI: 10.13189/ujps.2013.010302

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

From the present investigation it is clear that seed-borne fungi are threat to health of rice seeds. Thus, situation demands that due attention should be paid to health status of rice seeds prior to sowing. Seed treatment may be a quick technique, applicable in this regard as it reduces or eliminates seed-borne fungi and also increase seed germination. Seed treatment with plant extracts is an eco-friendly measure in controlling seed-borne pathogens. Seed treatment with garlic extracts @ 1:1 dilution significantly increases seed germination of three varieties and also effectively controls the seed-borne fungi of rice. It was also found that neem extracts (1:1) and chirata extracts (1:1) also effective against seed-borne fungi. As chemical is hazardous to our ecology, serious threat to our terrestrial and aquatic species of animal, use of plant extract is essential for maintaining sustainable environmental condition. At present, when human population is crossing its limit, the destruction caused by different pathogens of crops is possing serious problem. The imbalance between populations arises and agricultural production creates shortage of food. Under this situation it is essential that we should aim at obtaining maximum production from our limited area. In these efforts, there is a need for matching the production technology with protection technology. If we continue putting our efforts only to production of crops without protecting them, the self-sufficiency in food will remain only a dream. So, we should practice seed treatment before sowing as a routine practice to achieve sustainable agricultural production. But the study of one season and only laboratory experiment is not sufficiently enough. This emphasizes the need of undertaking further comprehensive research with more varieties, plant extracts and field study for its confirmation.

Knowledge Management: Journal