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Current Status of Subclinical Form of Babesiosis and Anaplasmosis in Cattle at Rangpur District in Bangladesh

ASMS Rahman
Department of Medicine, Department of Livestock Services, Farmgate, Dhaka Bangladesh.

SMMR Sumon
Department of Medicine,Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

MAHNA Khan
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh.

MT Islam
Department of Medicine,Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Babesiosis and anaplasmosis are import ant tick borne diseases and they are responsible for significant economic losses for livestock industry worldwide. A cross- sectional survey was conducted in randomly selected 400 cattle at two upazilas of Rangpur district in Bangladesh, to estimate the pre valence and identify the risk factors of Babesia and Anaplasma infections. Microscopic examination of Giemsa’s stained blood films was carried out for the tentative diagnosis of infections. Multiplex PCR was also performed to confirm microscopically positi ve samples. To identify the risk factors, odds ratio and 95% confidence interval were calculated. The overall prevalence of Babesia and Anaplasma infections were 1.5% and 3.5%, respectively. The prevalence of Babesia infections recorded in Gangachara and Pirgachaupazilas were 1.3% and 1.7%, respectively while it was 3.8% and 3.3%, respectively for Anaplasma infection. Insignificantly higher prevalence of both infections was recorded in crossbred cattle than those of indigenous cattle. Female cattle had insignificantly higher infection (3.8%) with Anaplasma than the male cattle (2.3%) while no infection with Babesia was found in any male cattle. None of the calves (≤1 yr) had infection with either organism. However, infection with both organisms was more prevalent in young cattle (>1 -2.5 yr) than those of adult cattle (>2.5 yr). The availability of blood sucking ticks was one of the potential risk factors for both infections (OR = 6- 7). Age (>1 -2.5 yr) was identified as another important risk factor which had significant association with the occurrence of Anaplasma infection (OR = 4.36). The information generated from this study could be useful as basic information for further advanced epidemiological study and formulation of control measures of the tick borne diseases.

Keywords: Babesiosis, Anaplasmosis, Prevalence, Risk factors, Multiplex PCR.

Location: Rangpur district, namely Gangachara and Pirgacha.

Start Date: 00-01-2014

End Date: 00-09-2014

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Cattle

Objectives:

To estimate the prevalence and identify the potential risk factors associated with babesiosis and anaplasmosis in cattle.

Methodology:

A multistage random sampling method was applied according to Thrusfield. Among eight upazilas (Sadar, Mithapukur, Badarganj, Pirgacha, Pirganj, Taraganj, Gangachara and Kaunia) of Rangpur district two upazilas namely Gangachara and Pirgacha were selected randomly. Gangachara located 12 km north -west and Pirgacha located 20 km south- east from Rangpur district headquarter. Two unions from Gangachara and three from Pirgacha were randomly selected. From each union, two villages were randomly selected to have a total of 10 villages. One hundred and sixty households were randomly selected from 10 villages to have 400 cattle older than 7 months and of either sex. The study was conducted over a period of 9 months, from January to September 2014. A cross- sectional survey was conducted in 400 cattle of 2 upazilas of Rangpur district, namely Gangachara and Pirgacha. The minimum sample size (n=384) was calculated using the formula, n=Z² P(1- P)/d², considering the average expected prevalence of 50% absolute desired precision of 5% and confidence level of 95%. Therefore, finally the survey was conducted with 400 cattleheads. Animal and herd level data along with other relevant information were collected using a pre - tested questionnaire through face to face interview of the farmers. Selected animals were categorized into three age groups: calves (≤1 year), young (> 1 -2.5 years), and adult (>2.5 years). Blood samples were collected from 400 cattle by puncturing ear vein of each cattle using sterile disposable syringe and butterfly needle. Three thin blood smears prepared from each sample before adding EDTA were fixed with absolute methanol and subsequently stained with Giemsa’s stain and finally examined under microscope (100X). EDTA added to the remaining blood samples and shifted to the laboratory in ice box within the shortest possible time. The blood samples were preserved at - 20°C for DNA extraction and PCR assay. DNA extraction was done only from Giemsa positive samples. Genomic DNA Purification kit was used to extract DNA from blood using manufacturer instructions. Data were entered into Epi Info V. 3.5.3 (CDC, Atlanta) and checked carefully for any missing or inconsistent data. Prevalence and odds ratio were calculated by using the “Table” function in the software.

Source of Information: Progressive Agriculture 26: 51-59, 2015, ISSN: 1017-8139

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The information generated from this study could be useful as basic information for further advance epidemiological study and formulation of control measures of the tick borne diseases. Further investigation using modern serological and molecular techniques with large number of samples for the identification of carriers, tick vectors and particularly hematophagic flies are needed.

Knowledge Management: Journal