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Flowering Behaviour and Its Relationship with Yield in Lentil

M A Samad
Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh-2200, Bangladesh

M K Hasan
Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh-2200, Bangladesh

M M A Mondal
Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

M S A Fakir
Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The experiment was conducted at the field of Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh during November 2007 to March 2008 to investigate flower production, flowering pattern, reproductive efficiency, yield attributes and their relationship with seed yield in 16 lentil genotypes/cultivars. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Results revealed that the high yielding genotypes produced higher number of flowers, having longer flowering duration than the low yielding ones. It was also appeared that the high yielding genotypes had higher flower production rate than the low yielding ones and the maximum flower production occurred within 30 days after start of flowering. Reproductive efficiency was also greater in high yielding genotypes with some exception resulting higher pod setting which in turn gave more seed yield than the low yielding ones. Seed yield had significant positive correlation with pod number, flower number, reproductive efficiency and flowering duration. This aspect may be considered for future plant breeding programme of lentil yield improvement.

Keywords: Flowering pattern, Reproductive efficiency, Yield, Lentil

Location: Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-11-2007

End Date: 00-03-2008

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Litchi

Objectives:

To assess yield determining factors.

Methodology:

The field experiment was conducted at experimental farms of Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh with 16 lentil genotypes/cultivars during the period from November 2007 to March 2008. A randomized complete block design with replications was used in the experiment. The unit plot size was 2m x 2m with plant spacing of 30cm x 5cm. Seeds were sown on 16^th November, 2007. Fertilizers were applied at the rate of 40, 80, 60 and 40 kg ha^-1 as urea, triple superphosphate, muriate of potash and gypsum, respectively. One weeding was done at 30-day after sowing. Crop was grown under rainfed condition. No pesticide was sprayed in the crop. Five plants from each replication were randomly selected and tagged for daily count of opened flowers. Flower count began from the date of opening of first flower and continued at every day until flowering ceased. Number of flowers produced at each day was averaged over 5-day intervals. Flower production or flowering patterns at 5-day intervals and flowering duration were later calculated from the collection data. The yield and yield attributes were also recorded from the tagged plants. Per cent pod set to opened flowers, reproductive efficiency (RF) was then estimated as pod set (%) = (Number of pods/plant ÷ Number of opened flowers/plant) x 100. The collected data were then subjected to statistical analysis.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Agriculturist. 3(1): 7–10, 2010 ISSN 1812-4631

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Pattern of flower production: Significant variation in periodical flower production at 5-day intervals in 16 lentil genotypes/cultivars has been presented in the Table 1. Results showed that all the genotypes/cultivars followed unimodal peak flowering except LM-66-4 and LM-95-3 which led biomodal peaks. Among the unimodal type, four genotypes/cultivars showed flowering peak at 10-day after flowering start (DAF), six genotypes showed peak at 15 DAF, four genotypes showed peak at 20 DAF and only one genotype (LM-54-4) showed peak at 25 DAF and then gradually decreased to almost nil at the end. LM-66-4 and LM-95-3 showed its first flowering peak between 6 and 10 DAF and second peak at 16-20 DAF. Results showed that the genotypes which produced early maximum flowers also showed higher total pods. Further, in general, high yielding genotypes produced greater number of flowers than the low yielding ones. These results indicate that early maximum flowering with increased flowering intensity are prerequisite for getting higher yield. Concerning flowering duration versus yield, results revealed that high yielding genotypes required longer duration of flowering than the low yielding ones. The results of early higher rates of flower production giving higher yield are confirmed with the findings of Sinha (1977) in lentil and Mondal (2007) in mungbean. Flower production and yield: Total cumulative flower production also showed significant difference amongst the genotypes (. The genotypes LM-66-4, LM-95-3, LM-37-8 and LM-99-1 had higher yield (range 4.69-5-43 g plant^-1) and also produced higher number of flowers plant^-1 ranging from 456 to 481. In contrast, low yielding genotypes Barimasur-4, LM-69-5, LM-115-7, LM-101-8, LM-28-7, Lm-79-10 and Utfala produced fewer flowers plant^-1 (range 208-287). This result indicates that in lentil, cumulative increased flower production may be desirable in achieving high yield. Reproductive efficiency: Significant variation is reproductive efficiency (% Pod set to opened flowers, RE) was also observed in lentil genotypes/cultivars). Result revealed that there had no relation in RE with seed yield. But in general, high yielding genotypes showed higher RE compared to low yielding ones with few exception. LM-102-2, the medium yielder genotype showed the highest RE (59.65%). In contrast, the lowest RE was observed in LM-54-4 (19.59%). These results indicate that pod production can be improved by increasing flower production and increased RE. Saitoh et al. (2004) observed that yield was positive and significant correlation with opened flowers but negatively correlated with RE in soybean. Similar result was also observed by Mondal (2007) in mungbean that partially disagrees with the present result. Correlation study: Seed yield had shown highly significant positive correlation with flower number (r =0. 94**), pod number (r = 0.96**) and RE (r = 0.49**) (Table 3) but weak relation with seed size (r = 0.05 ^ns) and flowering duration (r =0.26*). These results indicate that yield could be improved by increasing sink (flower and pod). However, pod number was strongly correlated with flowering duration (r = 0.68**) and flower production (r = 0.83**). But RE had weak relation with number of pod (r = 0.38*) and flowering duration (r = 0.18). These results were consistent with many workers (Fakir, 1997; Hasan et al., 1995; Mondal, 2007).

Knowledge Management: Journal