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Landmark-based Morphometric and Meristic Variations of the Endangered Carp, Kalibaus Labeo Calbasu, from Stocks of Two Isolated Rivers, the Jamuna and Halda, and a Hatchery

Mostafa A. R. Hossain
Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Md. S. Alam
Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Mst. U. Habiba Khanam
Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Debasish Saha
Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Md. Nahiduzzaman
Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Landmark-based morphometric and meristic variations of the endangered carp, kalibaus Labeo calbasu, from stocks of two isolated rivers, the Jamuna and Halda, and a hatchery. Landmark-based morphometrics were examined to evaluate the population status of the endangered carp, kalibaus Labeo calbasu, collected from 2 isolated rivers (the Jamuna and Halda) and a hatchery. Morphometric characters along with truss network measurements and meristic counts were applied. Significant differences were observed in four (maximum body height, pre-orbital length, peduncle length, and maxillary barbel length of 12 morphometric measurements, two (pectoral fin rays and scales above the lateral line) of 9 meristic counts, and four (8 to 9, 3 to 10, 2 to 10, and 1 to 11) of 22 truss network measurements among the stocks. For morphometric and landmark measurements, the 1st discriminant function (DF) accounted for 75.5% and the 2nd DF accounted for 24.5% of the among-group variability, and together they explained 100% of the total among group variability. For the morphometric and truss network measurements, plotting DFs revealed high isolation of the stocks. The dendrogram based on morphometric and truss distance data placed the Jamuna and hatchery in 1 cluster and the Halda in another cluster, and the distance between the Halda and hatchery populations was the highest.

Keywords: Landmark, Morphometrics, Meristics, Fish stock, Labeo calbasu

Location: Bogra, Chittagong and Mymensingh.

Start Date: 00-10-2007

End Date: 00-12-2007

Program Area: Resource Development and Management

Commodity: Carp fish

Objectives:

1. The present study deals with the population structure of kalibaus from a phenotypical point of view to determine the morphometrics among the stocks.

Methodology:

Collection of samples: During Oct. - Dec. 2007, 129 kalibaus (L. calbasu) were collected live in oxygenated polythene bags from 3 sources: 2 rivers, the Jamuna River in Bogra District and the Halda River in Chittagong, and a hatchery in Mymensingh. The fish were 11.3-36.1 cm in total length (TL) and 18-475 g in weight. Twelve morphometric characters and body weights of the fish were measured to an accuracy of 0.05 mm and 1.0 g, respectively (Table 2). In total, 9 meristic characters (dorsal, pectoral, pelvic, anal, and caudal fin rays, lateral line scales, scales above and below the lateral line, and vertebra counts) were analyzed. Eleven landmarks delineating 22 distances were measured on the body. Each landmark was obtained by placing a fish on graph paper, and then the landmarks were detected with colored pointers. Finally, distances on the graph paper were measured using vernier calipers. Statistical analyses: Prior to the analysis, size effects from the dataset were eliminated. Variations were attributed to body shape differences, and not to the relative sizes of the fish. In the present study, there were significant linear correlations among all measured characters and the TL of the fish. Therefore, it was necessary to remove size-dependent variations from all of the characters. An allometric formula with slight modification was used to remove the size effect from the dataset: M_adj = M (L_s / L_o) b ; where M is the original measurement, M_adjis the size-adjusted measurement, L_o is the TL of the fish, and L_s is the overall mean of the TL for all fish from all samples. Parameter b was estimated for each character from the observed data as the slope of the regression of log M on log Lo, using all fish in all groups. The efficiency of the size adjustment transformations was assessed by testing the significance of the correlation between a transformed variable and the TL. The sex of specimens was determined macroscopically, and there were no significant differences of tested variables between the sexes within the same stock. Meristic characters were compared using the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test. A univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) was carried out to test the significance of morphological differences. In addition, size-adjusted data were standardized and submitted to a discriminant function (DF) analysis (DFA). A dendrogram of the populations based on the morphometric and landmark distance data was drawn using the unweighted pair group method analysis (UPGMA). All statistical analyses were done using SPSS vers. 11.5 (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA).

Source of Information: Zoological Studies 49(4): 556-563 (2010)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The dendrogram employed in this study resulted in 2 clusters: the Jamuna and hatchery stocks in one and the Halda stock in another. The difference between the hatchery and wild stocks may have been due to environmental as well as genetic variations. Plotting DFs revealed high isolation in morphometrics among the stocks. The results of the study are useful as baseline information of L. calbasu populations for further studies. In both aquaculture and open-water management, it is essential to select genetically superior stocks along with better features.

Knowledge Management: Journal