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Comparative Study on Growth Performance of Bagda (p. Monodon, Fabricius, 1798) in Traditional and Semi-intensive Culture Systems

Partho Pratim debnath
Laboratory Manager
The WorldFish Center Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh

Manjurul Karim
Deputy Chief of Party
The WorldFish Center, Khulna, Bangladesh

Quazi A. Z. M. Kudrat-E-Kabir
Project Manager
The WorldFish Center, Khulna, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A comparative study of growth performance of giant tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon from two traditional and two semi-intensive culture systems was conducted from 14^th March to 16^th July, 2008 in the village Pania under Kaligonj Upazila of Satkhira district in order to observe the following attributes: stocking density, growth, growth rate, survival rate, production, production rate, production cost, net profit, gross profit and water quality parameters. The average size of the pond in traditional and semi –intensive culture system was 3.80 hector and 0.605 hector respectively. The initial average body weight of shrimp post larvae during stocking was 0.31g and 0.305g in traditional and semi-intensive ponds. During harvest the final average body weight was found 23.95g and 31.75g respectively in traditional and semi-intensive ponds. No nursing was observed either in traditional or semi-intensive ponds. However, fertilizers and supplementary feed were used in semi-intensive culture system after stocking. The pond’s dike system was found stronger in semi-intensive ponds than traditional ponds. The average stocking density of PL in semi-intensive and traditional ponds were 117508 PL/hector and 23377 PL/hector respectively. No apparent variations of water quality parameters were observed in traditional and semi-intensive ponds through out the culture period. Throughout the culture period, the average growth rate was found 0.265 g/day and 0.2 g/day in semi-intensive and traditional culture systems respectively. The average net profit was estimated-12463.5 BDT/hector and 677814.5 BDT/hector in traditional and semi-intensive culture systems respectively. From the above study it is understood semi-intensive culture system is said to be economically, more profitable and feasible than that of the traditional culture system in terms of growth, growth rate, gross and net profit.

Keywords: Shrimp, Semi-intensive, Traditional, Post-larvae, Growth

Location: Satkhira district. Implemented by The WorldFish Center

Start Date: 14-03-2008

End Date: 16-07-2008

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Shrimp

Objectives:

To know the growth performance in traditional and semi-intensive culture systems.
To know the economic feasibility of two culture methods
To know the effect of stocking density on growth, survival and production in different culture methods.
To know the effect of physcio-chemical parameters on growth and survival of cultured shrimp in two different management systems.

Methodology:

Selection of the Study Area: The survey was conducted in the village Pania under Kaliganj Upazila of Satkhira District. Two traditional (T₁ and T₂) and two semi-intensive (S₁ and S₂) cultured ponds were used in the present study. The water surface areas of the two traditional ponds T₁ and T₂ were 4.0 and 3.6 hector respectively and two semi-intensive ponds S₁ and S₂ were 0.75, and 0.46 hector respectively. Study Period: The study was conducted from 14th March 2008 to 16th July 2008. Data Collection: Various physical conditions of the ponds such as types of soil, gher dike, depth of water, color of the water, presence or absence of aquatic weed, etc. were collected at the beginning of the study for once. Physico-chemical parameters of the ghers such as pH, alkalinity (mg CaC0₃ / L) and DO (ppm.) were measured using chemical kits [NASA chemical kit, CP Aquaculture (India) Pvt. Limited] whereas salinity (ppt.) were determined by using refractometer ( Model: ref 201) and temperature was measured by using thermometer at every seven days interval. At the same time the average body weight (gm) 2.5% shrimp were measured using a digital weight machine (Model: fej-200). Samples of shrimps were collected from 4 to 5 selected spots using a cast net and the samples were kept in a plastic bucket which was washed by potassium permanganate as an anti-septic. Data related too shrimp culture and productivity including pond preparation procedure, fry stocking and post stocking management including liming, fertilization, supplementary feeding and production were collected from farmer’s record book. Semi-Intensive Culture System: Inlet and Pumping System: There was an inlet in the middle of the reservoir in front of the source of river water. There was also a pump machine for collecting water for reservoir from the river. Inlet was prepared to obtain the best quality of incoming water. Reservoir: Two reservoirs were prepared for the farm to supply necessary water in the culture ponds. The area of reservoirs was 0.27 hector and 0 .40 hector. Aeration: Square shape ponds were aerated using electrical aerator. Each pond was aerated using two long-arm aerator installed at the opposite corner of the pond and powered by generator. It was operated about 12 hours/day. Dikes: Dikes were 0.3m above the maximum water level which was high enough to prevent flooding. Polythene was used along the dike, which continued up to the 1 meter depth of the bottom. Slope of dike was 1: 3 m. Inlet and outlet: Both the ponds had inlet and outlet systems. Buildings: Two houses were made – one for storing necessary materials and another for the accommodation of workers. Pond Preparation: Water of the ponds was removed from the ponds by using pump machine and also black soil was removed from the bottom of the ponds. Then the bottom of the ponds was dried by the sunlight as long as the bottom soil had become cracked. Then ploughing was done by using tractor for two times about one week interval. Entrance of unwanted and fouling organisms was restricted by fencing round the pond. Water was reserved into reservoir from river. After settlement, water was bleached by using bleaching powder into water. After three days dolomite was given at 65kg/hec. After one week water was shifted from reservoir to the ponds. Traditional Culture System: Farm Design and Pond Preparation: There was no specific design followed by the farmer for traditional culture system. Pond preparation was done as usual. At the very beginning of pond preparation the bottom mud was removed by the farmer. The bottom mud was dug with a spade until the undesirable bottom black soil was partially removed. Then dike was repaired to avoid the loss of culturable species. The farmer carried out the repairment of the dikes. The farmer pulled out manually aquatic weeds present in the ghers. The netting controlled the aquatic weeds. In order to control predator, rotenone was used. The main source of water was the tide of the nearby river. In some cases he was used to pump water. The liming rate varied from 15-100 kg/bigha which was spread over the gher bottom including the dike walls. Liming was done during fair weather. Stocking Management:Source of fry: The sources of fry was hatchery which was PCR tested by SSOQ for semi-intensive culture. For traditional culture, sources of fry include both wild source fry and hatchery - produced fry. Acclimatization: The fry were carried to the gher in an earthen container called hari. The farmer acclimatized the fry through gradual exchange of transported water with the ghers water. This was done by slowly adding pond water to the container. Stocking Time: The farmer stocking shrimp fry in the ghers in the month of March and stocking was done in the morning because shrimp fry were highly sensitive to abrupt changes of water parameters and exposure to sunlight. Stocking Rate: For semi-intensive ponds: S1 =130667 PL/hector (14/m²) S2 = 104348 PL/hector (11/m²) For traditional ponds: T₁ = 25334 PL/hector (3/m²) T₂ = 21419 PL/hector (2/m²). Stocking of Other Species: In semi-intensive ghers there was no other species and in traditional ghers , stocking of other species were galda, rui, katla, silver carp, mrigal. Feed and Feding: The farmer used CP feed (manufactured and marketed by CP Aquaculture Private Ltd., India) for semi-intensive culture. Farmer mixed 1 egg + 5 g C-Vita + 20 g flour with 1 kg CP feed and feeding frequency was four (6 AM, 11 AM, 5 PM, 10 PM) with a feeding rate prescribed by the feed manufacturer. However, for traditional ghers the farmer didn’t use supplementary feed. Post Stocking Management: Sampling: Sampling was done in weekly interval for measuring body weight of the species and checking water quality parameters in semi-intensive culture ghers. In contrast, no sampling was done in traditional culture ghers. Fertilization: Both semi-intensive and traditional culture ghers were fertilized by inorganic fertilizer through out the culture period. Organic fertilizer was used only for traditional culture ghers. Liming: During culture period the farmer used dolomite just before the moulting period in his semi-intensive ghers. Liming was often done to prevent algal bloom. Harvesting: Harvesting was done at a time in semi-intensive ghers . For this, farmer opened the outlet to remove water of the ghers and set a set-bag-net at the mouth of the outlet. He also used khepla jal. In traditional ghers partial harvesting was done from June to August by using net. At the end of the culture period, farmer carried out complete harvest by draining out the pond and then hand picking the fishes. Data Analysis: Growth rate, survival and FCR was calculated.

Source of Information: Science and Technology 2013, 3(1): 1-16

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Semi-intensive culture system is better in all aspects of growth and economic feasibility (growth rate, survival rate, production rate, net profit and gross profit) than the traditional culture systems. Production cost in semi-intensive culture system is higher than the traditional culture system, which could be compensated by the total profit. The reason for the higher production rate in the semi-intensive culture system is due to higher stocking rate of PL, use of feed, regular use of lime, fertilizers, chemicals and better pond management practice.

Knowledge Management: Journal