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Present Status on the Use of Antibiotics and Chemicals in Shrimp Hatcheries and Grow-out Ponds and Their Environmental Implications in Bangladesh

Sheikh Aftabuddin
Institute of Marine Sciences and Fisheries, University of Chittagong, Bangladesh.

Abdul Kader
Institute of Marine Sciences and Fisheries, University of Chittagong, Bangladesh.

Abuhena M. Kamal
Institute of Marine Sciences and Fisheries, University of Chittagong, Bangladesh.

Mohammad Zafar
Institute of Marine Sciences and Fisheries, University of Chittagong, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The aim of this study is to document the current status on the use of antibiotics, chemicals and biological products used in shrimp hatcheries and grow-out ponds in Bangladesh. In the last decade, coastal aquaculture practised traditionally in south western and south eastern parts of Bangladesh has developed into a big industry. With the rapid expansion of shrimp grow-out facilities, the hatchery industry has progressed rapidly during the last five years. A major disease outbreak, namely white spot disease in 1995 struck the shrimp aquaculture throughout the country and resulted in increased use of chemotherapeutics for disinfection and treatment. Among the 50 operating hatcheries of Bangladesh, 40 (80%) were surveyed in which 7 different antibiotics, 6 disinfectants and 2 different biological products were used for controlling common diseases. The study also covered 50 grow-out ponds of which 30 were in southwestern and 20 were in southeastern part of Bangladesh. The study included 8 semi-intensive and 42 extensive farms. Diseases were treated with 15 commercial products belonging to 3 antibiotics classes. The antibiotics currently used in shrimp aquaculture in Bangladesh are chloramphenicol in the name of CL-33, prefuran, oxytetracycline, furazolidone, erythromycin, neomycin sulphate, kenamycin sulphate and ciprofloxacin.

Keywords: Antibiotics, Disinfectant, Hatchery, Grow-out pond, Shrimp

Location: Satkhira & Khulna district and Cox’s Bazar district

Start Date: 00-02-2007

End Date: 00-06-2008

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Shrimp

Objectives:

To document the current status on the use of antibiotics, chemicals and biological products used in shrimp aquaculture in Bangladesh taking into consideration about shrimp disease problems and occupational health hazard and environmental implication of chemotherapeutics.

Methodology:

This study was carried out between Feb-2007 to Jun-2008 in the southwest region of Bangladesh, in the Satkhira and Khulna district and south east region in Cox’s Bazar district. A total 50 ghers were surveyed. Among them 20 were in south eastern and 30 were in south western region. Ghers of varying sizes i.e. 10-200 hectares (traditional) and 2-12 hectares (semi-intensive) were randomly selected from Nowbeki, Ashasuni, Munshigong, Pikegacha of southwestern part and Rampura, Khuruskul and Chakaria of southeastern part. Almost all hatcheries were selected in Cox’s Bazar and Teknaf area. Information related to the use of antibiotics and chemicals to treat shrimp farming and hatchery diseases and on the clinical signs of disease were collected based on a personally interviewed pre-defined questionnaire. The questionnaire was designed to collect information on the use of chemicals, disinfectants and antibiotic agents for shrimp hatchery disease as well as grow-out facilities. Collected information were presented in tabular form and were compared with those of other authors.

Source of Information: AACL Bioflux 2(3):369-379.

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

It is assumed that antibiotics or disinfectants are used to kill bacteria, some bacteria will survive as strains of the pathogen or others, because they carry genes for resistance. This will then grow rapidly because their competitors are removed. Any virulent pathogens that re-enter the pond or hatchery tanks, perhaps form within biofilms in water pipes or in the guts of animals can then exchange genes with the resistant bacteria and survive in further high doses of antibiotics. Thus antibiotic-resistant strains of pathogens evolve rapidly. The most important reasons to control the use of antibiotics and chemicals in shrimp aquaculture are the risk of development of resistant bacteria. When bacteria have acquired resistance, it is impossible to get rid of them with the antibiotic that caused the resistance. On the other hand the antibiotics are occupational health hazards. Skin exposure as well as inhalation of dust from antibiotic powder may cause health problems to workers and others that are present when antibiotics are being handled.

Knowledge Management: Journal