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Lead and Cadmium Accumulation in Nearby Brick Kiln Agri-environmental Ecosystems

Abdul Halim Farhad Sikder
Department of Soil, Water and Environment, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.

Md. Delwar Hossain Molla
Soil Resources Development Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Farmgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Md. Faruque Hossain
American International University, Bangladesh, Kamal Ataturk Avenue, Banani, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh.

Zakia Parveen
Department of Soil, Water and Environment, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Three different brick kilns from the same parent material, young Brahmaputra and Jamuna floodplain were selected to assess the lead and cadmium accumulation. Soils and plants from four points such as 250, 500, 1000 and 1500 m away from kilns were collected based on the predicted brick kilns emission distance. Lead (92 mg kg^-1 to 214 mg kg^-1) was found in the elevated levels near brick kiln soils. The alarming news is that plant uptake of Pb in the nearest areas of the brick kilns were significantly higher than the areas far from the brick production location and Pb ranges from 7 to 543 mg/kg. Results showed that both soils and plants from 500 m to 1000 m distance received maximum Pb. The amount of Pb significantly decreases with the increasing distance from the brick kilns. Cadmium varies within the permissible limit in both soils and plant.

Keywords: Lead, Cadmium, Accumulation, Contamination, Brick kiln, Agri-environmental ecosystems

Location: Mawna (Gazipur), Kalampur (Dhaka) and Noyadingi (Manikgang)

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Risk Management in Agriculture

Commodity: Contamination of soil

Objectives:

To find out the impact of Pb and Cd accumulation in nearby brick kiln agri- environmental ecosystems.

Methodology:

Three sites were selected on the basis of soil parent material, cropping pattern, and wind direction from the brick kiln to the field. Medium high land type is used as selecting criteria because of its influence on cropping pattern and farming system. Sites are located in three different districts such as, Mawna (Gazipur), Kalampur (Dhaka) and Noyadingi (Manikgang). Soil and plant samples were taken from the agricultural fields adjacent to the brick kilns exposed to the different degrees of environmental pollution in February, 2014. Four distances from each area were selected, su ch as 250, 500, 1000 and 1500 m based on the predicted brick kilns emission distance. At each point, soils were collected from three layers such as surface (0-15 cm), subsurface (15-50 cm) and substratum (50-100 cm). Three replicate samples were mixed thoroughly to make a composite sample. Plant samples (10-15 plants) were collected from the respective field from where the soil samples were collected. Properties of the collected soil samples are represented. The parent material of all three sites was young Brahmaputra and Jamuna floodplain. Results demonstrates surface, subsurface and substratum soil of the study area are mainly silt loam in texture and is favorable for agricultural practice, where clay percentage is < 10% in most cases. Young Brahmaputra and Jamuna Floodplain soils are traditionally very low to low in organic carbon and CEC. The variation of OC may occur due to extensive agricultural practice and the application of less organic manures by the farmers. Most of the farmers denied using organic manures for crop production which is one of the most important reasons for OC variation in most of the rice fields. Intense farming pattern is also responsible for organic matter variation and there is another possibility of formation of cheleate with heavy metals producing from the brick kilns. Soils are slightly acidic to acidic in nature in the sampling sites may be due to the application of excessive fertilizer and impact of nearby brick kilns. Brick kilns usually are emitting toxic gases, such as SO₂, NO₂ and some other compounds. Total concentration of Pb and Cd was digested by Aqua rezia with a ratio of 1:10. For the determination of available Pb and Cd 1N HCl was used as an extracting agent with a ration of 1:33.33. After the extraction both of the heavy metals were analyzed by AAS. The data from all soils and plants were combined and analyzed statistically to examine the relationships between Pb and Cd with soil properties. In this approach statistical software strata version 12 was used.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Sci. Res. 28(1): 51-59, 2015 (June).

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The research provides an assessment of Pb and Cd in the agi- environment nearby brick kilns. Cadmium concentration was found within the acceptable limit in both soils and plants. On the other hand, Pb concentration was very high in the sampling areas. With the help of low pH and fly ash dumping this carcinogen accumulate higher in the nearer zones of the brick kilns and then taken up by plant. The research findings recommend that 500 to 1000 m distance from brick kilns might be at maximum risk in agri- environmental ecosystems since that contamination level is reduced with distance. Therefore, it is suggested to avoid agricultural practice up to a distance of 1000 m from brick kilns.

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