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Antimicrobial Activity of Crude Extract Obtained from the Root of Plumbago Zeylanica

M Shafiqur Rahman
Department of Microbiology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh

M Nural Anwar
Department of Microbiology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Ethanolic extract of Plumbago zeylanica root was investigated for its antimicrobial activities against 11 human pathogenic bacteria and 6 phytopathogenic fungi using disc diffusion method and poisoned food technique respectively. The extract exhibited good antibacterial and antifungal activities against the test organisms. Among the test bacteria, Vibrio cholerae was found to be the most sensitive to the extract showing the highest diameter of zone of inhibition and lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value (200 μg/ml). The extract was also very effective against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa showing MIC value of 250 μg/ml. Among the phytopathogenic fungi tested, Curvularia lunata exhibited the highest sensitivity to the extract with an MIC value of 150 μg/ml, which was followed next by Colletotrichum corchori and Fusarium equiseti (MIC value 250 μg/ml). The root extract from P. zeylanica seems promising since it showed both antibacterial and antifungal activities.

Keywords: Antimicrobial activity, Plumbago zeylanica, Ethanolic extract, Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)

Location: Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR) Laboratories, Chittagong

Start Date: 00-12-2004

End Date: 00-12-2004

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Diseases

Objectives:

To evaluate antimicrobial activity of P. zeylanica against some human pathogenic bacteria and plant pathogenic fungi.

Methodology:

It has been reported that the shrubby perennial herb, Plumbago zeylanica (family Plumbaginaceae), possesses antimicrobial activities. It grows in shady places of wastelands and graveyards all over Bangladesh. Roots and aerial parts principally contain an orange yellow pigment, plumbagin, a naphthoquinone and a fatty alcohol. Its other constituents in roots are chitranone, zeylanone, dihydrosterone, 2-methyl naphthaquin, plumbazeylanone and terpenoids, lupeol and teraxesterol. The plant also contains alkaloids, glycosides, tannin, saponins and steroids5. The plant has been used both in Ayurvedic and Unani systems for its different activities such as in curing laryngitis, ringworm infection and other skin disease. Paste is applied externally in leprosy5. Other species of Plumbago are also reported by several workers for their biological activities such as antiparasitis, insect antifeedant and antitumoral. In this study, antimicrobial activity of P. zeylanica was evaluated against some human pathogenic bacteria and plant pathogenic fungi. Root of P. zeylanica was collected in fresh condition in December 2004 from a garden owned by the Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR) Laboratories, Chittagong, Bangladesh, where a voucher specimen was maintained. The root was cleaned, cut into small pieces (1-2 cm), dried in oven at reduced temperature (45-50°C) and ground to fine powder. The dried powder (250 g) was kept steeped twice overnight in 95% ethanol. They were combined, filtered and centrifuged at 5,000 rpm for 20 min. The extract was then concentrated to a gummy material under reduced pressure at 50°C by using a rotary vacuum evaporator. In vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities of the crude extract of the plant were determined by disc diffusion method and poisoned food technique respectively. Mueller-Hinton medium (agar and broth) was used for culture of bacteria and Sabouraud medium (agar and broth) was used for culture of fungi. Ethanolic solution (5%) of the crude extract was used as the test antimicrobial agent against 11 human pathogenic bacteria and 6 phytopathogenic fungi. The results were compared with the standard antibacterial antibiotic ampicillin (20 μg/disc, Beximco Pharma Bangladesh Ltd., Dhaka) and antifungal antibiotic nystatin (100 μg/ml medium, Beximco Pharma Bangladesh Ltd., Dhaka). Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the crude extract was determined by macro-dilution broth technique.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 24, Number 1, June 2007, pp 73-75

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

It was apparent that the crude extract was equally active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, or enteric and non-enteric pathogens.

Knowledge Management: Journal