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Characterization of Brinjal Germplasm

M. T. Islam
PGRC, BARI, Gazipur

N. Pervin
PGRC, BARI, Gazipur

R.U. Chowdhury
PGRC, BARI, Gazipur

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The experiment was carried out with 40 accessions of brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) at Plant Genetic Resources Centre, BARI Gazipur during 2013-14 to study the genetic diversity. Green, light violet and violet cotyledon colour were found among the brinjal accessions. Upright, intermediate to prostrate plant growth were exhibited. Weak, intermediate to strong in leaf blade lobing and very acute, acute to intermediate in leaf blade tip angle were observed. Variations were observed in number of leaf prickles and leaf hairs. Pale violet, light violet to bluish violet flower were found among the accessions. Fruit curvature was straight (64%), slightly curved (13%), curved (13%) and snaked shaped (10%). Position of widest part of fruit was about half way from base to tip (77%) and about three quarter from base to tip (23%) in fruit shape. Depressed (38%), rounded (34%) and protruded (28%) in fruit apex shape; purple (55%) and green (45%) in edible fruit colour; and uniform (47%), stripped (30%) and mottled (23%) in fruit colour distribution were found. First flowering ranged from 86 to 115 days and first edible fruiting stage from 107 to 139 days. A good range of variations was observed in edible fruit length (5 to 31.23 cm), breadth (2.4 to 10.6 cm) and fruit weight (0.13 to 0.95 g). The accessions were produced 3 to 30 fruits per plant. The highest coefficient of variation was observed in number of fruits per plant (57.99%) and the lowest was observed in days to 1st edible fruiting stage (5.48%). All the accessions were grouped into five clusters. Some promising accessions were identified.

Keywords: Brinjal, Characterization, Plant breeding, Germplasm

Location: Plant Genetic Resources Centre, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur,

Start Date: 00-00-2013

End Date: 00-00-2014

Program Area: Conservation and Biodiversity

Commodity: Plant

Objectives:

To characterize the the collected germplasm of Brinjal for conservation and future use in crop improvement programme

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted at Plant Genetic Resources Centre (PGRC) of BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur, during September 2013 to May 2014. Forty accessions/collections including BARI Bagun-1 (Uttara) were used in this study. Seedlings were raised in the seed bed containing a mixture of sandy-loam soil and decomposed cowdung on 27 September 2013. Main fields were prepared 10 days before transplanting the seedlings. The recommended doses of manure and fertilizers such as 5 ton/ha cow dung, 120 kg N, 36 kg P, 90 Kg K, 15 kg S and 2.0.kg/ha Zn in the form of urea, triple super phosphate, murate of potash, gypsum and zinc sulphate (monohydrate), respectively were applied in the experimental field (FRG, 2012). The full doses of cowdung, TSP, gypsum and zinc sulphate were applied during land preparation before one week of transplanting. Urea and MP were applied in the three equal splits at 21, 35 and 50 day after transplanting as ring method around the plant followed by irrigation (10-15 days interval during dry season). The experiment was conducted in a non replicated design. The unit plot size was 3 X 2 m and 9 plants were accommodated in a plot with a plant spacing of 75 cm apart and row to row distance of 100 cm (excluding 50 cm drain). The seedlings were transplanted on 18 November 2013. The plants were given support of 1 m height bamboo sticks. The insecticide admire (0.5 ml per litre) was applied for controlling aphids. Twenty-four observations on qualitative (12) and quantitative (12) characters were classified into descriptor state as per Descriptors for Eggplant (IBPGR, 1990). Range, mean, standard deviation and coefficient of variation of quantitative characters were calculated. Hierarical and non-hierarical cluster analysis were performed using SPSS 16.5 software program.

Source of Information: Annual Research Report, PGRC, BARI, 2013-2014

Article Link (Online Journal):

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Achievement/Findings:

Green (60%), light violet (20%) and violet (20%) cotyledon colour were found among the 40 accessions/collections of brinjal. Intermediate (48%), upright (45%) and prostrate (7%) plant growth habit were exhibited at vegetative stage. Weak (60%), intermediate (37%) and strong (3%) leaf blade lobing along with acute (62%), very acute (33%) and intermediate (5%) leaf blade tip angle were observed among the brinjal accessions. Leaf prickles were absent in 25% accessions. The remaining accessions produced very few (40%), few (25%), intermediate (5%) and many prickles (5%). However, very few (<20) to few (20-50) number of leaf hairs were noted among the accessions. The accessions were exhibited light violet (53%), bluish violet (37%) and pale violet (10%) of flower corolla colour. The maximum accessions were produced straight edible fruit (64%) followed by slightly curved (13%) and curved (13%) and minimum accessions were showed snake shaped of fruit curvature (10%). About half way from base to tip (77% accession) and about three quarter from base to tip (23%) for fruit shape were noted. Fruit apex shape was depressed (38%), rounded (34%) and protruded (28%). Purple (55%) and green (45%) edible fruit colour with uniform (47%), stripped (30%) and mottled (23%) fruit colour distribution were exhibited among the brinjal accessions. The extent of diversity in respect to 12 characters in different accessions of brinjal are measured in terms of range, mean, standard deviation and co-efficient of variations (Table 3).A wide variation was observed among the different characters studied. The highest number of primary branches per plant was exhibited in BD-10154 (9.8) while the lowest 4.9 was observed in BD-7327. Plant height ranged from 50.83 to 96.22 cm, plant breadth 64.33 to 119.74 cm, leaf blade length 11.69 to 23.39 cm and leaf blade width 7.77 to 13.33 cm among the accessions. This indicated that these five characters were ranged approximately two times larger than their lower accession. The accessions produced first flower on 86 days (BD-9766) to 115 days (KI-15) and days to 1st edible fruiting stage on 107 (BD-9766) to 139 (KI-26) days. The accessions were exhibited fruit length from 5 (RIM-12) to 31.23 cm (BD-10158). Among them, 54% long, 23% intermediate, 18% very long and 5% short fruits were found. Fruit breadth ranged from 2.40 (BD-7320) to 10.60 cm (BD-7327) where 42% intermediate, 33% long and 25% short were noted. The accessions were produced medium (40%), low (35%) and high (25%) fruit weight ranging from 13 (BD-7321) to .95 g (BD-7319). The highest number of fruits per plant was obtained from BD-9955 (30) and the lowest from MI-52 (3). The quantitative descriptors for individual accessions are presented in Table 6. The maximum co-efficient of variation was found in number of fruits per plant (57.99%) followed by fruit length (47.23%), fruit weight (47.21%), fruit breadth (43.71%), plant breadth (16.67%), plant height (15.50%), number of primary branches (15.10%) and the lowest was found in days to first edible fruiting stage (5.48%). Hierarchical cluster analysis was conducted by using UPGMA among 40 accessions. The accessions were grouped into 5 non-hierarchical clusters through average linkage method. Number of accessions in each cluster ranged from 1 (Cluster-V) to 21 (Cluster-IV)

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings