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Influence of Some Rhizobium Strains on Chickpea: Nodulation, Dry Matter Yield and Nitrogen Uptake

ARM Solaiman
Department of Soil Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706.

MS. Talukder
Department of Soil Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706.

MG Rabbani
Grameen Shakti, Grameen Bank Bhaban, Mirpur- 2, Dhaka 1216

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Four strains of Rhizobium were isolated from chickpea (Cicer arietinum) to characterize and observe the effectiveness on host legumes. In a laboratory study, Rhizobium strains showed standard pattern of reactions in respect of growth rate, colony characteristics and acid/alkali production on different growth media. The effect of Rhizobium inoculation on nodulation, growth and nitrogen fixation of chickpea was assessed by pot experiment on clay loam soil. Inoculation treatments comprised of Rhizobium strains CR₁, CR₂, CR₃ and CR₄. Rhizobium inoculation had significant positive effects on nodulation, growth and nitrogen fixation of the crop. Among the Rhizobium strains CR₂ and CR₃ performed better than CR₁ and CR₄ at 50% flowering stage of the crop. There were high positive correlations among the number and dry weight of nodules, N content and N uptake by shoot of chickpea.

Keywords: Rhizobium, Nodulation, Growth, Nitrogen fixation, Chickpea

Location: Department of Soil Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Chickpea

Objectives:

To study the effect of Rhizobium isolates on nodulation, growth and nitrogen fixation of chickpea.

Methodology:

A pot experiment was conducted at the Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University to study the effect of Rhizobium isolates on nodulation, growth and nitrogen fixation of chickpea. The soil used in this experiment was sampled from Salna series under Madhupur tract (AEZ 28). The collected soil samples were air-dried, crushed and passed through a sieve. The soil was then autoclaved at 121^oC for 3 h to destroy the indigenous organisms inhabiting there in. The soil was clay loam in texture and contained 0.61% organic carbon, 0.05% total nitrogen, 0.07% available P, 0.84 (meq/100g dry soil) exchangeable K, 13.75 (meq/100g dry soil) CEC and had a pH 7.1. Chickpea seeds were collected from Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur. The seeds were healthy, vigorous, well matured and free from diseases. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCRD) with four replications. The treatments were arranged in the experimental units randomly. Inoculation treatments were uninoculated control CR₀, Rhizobium strain CR₁, Rhizobium strain CR₂, Rhizobium strain CR₃ and Rhizobium strain CR₄. Each pot was filled with 1 kg of soil. Basal doses of phosphorus (P), potassium (K), zypsum (S), molybdenum (Mo) at the rate of 50 kg P2O5 ha^-1 (in the form of TSP); 50 kg K2O ha^{- 1} (in the form of MOP); 20 kg S ha^-1 (in the form of Zypsum) and 1.5 kg Mo ha^-1 (in the form of Sodium molybdate) were applied to the pots during final pot preparation. No nitrogen fertilizer was used in the experiment. Five germinated seeds were sown in each pot. Liquid inoculants prepared with Rhizobium strains CR₁, CR₂, CR₃ and CR₄ having 1.1x10⁸, 3.5x10⁸, 2.6x10⁸ and 4.3x10⁸ viable cells/ml were spread on the germinated seeds and were sown in soil. Two healthy plants per pot were retained after the formation of first trifoliate leaf. All the intercultural operations viz weeding, irrigation and drainage, mulching etc were performed as and when necessary. Plant samples were collected from the pot at 50% flowering stage (45 days after sowing) of the crop. Plants were carefully uprooted with the help of khurpi so that no nodules were left in the soil. The roots were washed thoroughly with water. The nodules from the roots of each plant were separately collected and counted. The shoot, root and nodule materials were first airdried and then oven- dried at 65^oC for 72 h. Oven-dried weights of shoot, root and nodule were recorded. The oven-dried plant shoot material was ground in a grinding machine (Wiley Pulverizer, Type 1029-8, Yoshida Seisakusho Co. Ltd). Total N content in the shoot material was determined by ashing the plant material using salicylic acid modified Kjeldahl method following sulfuric acid digestion and then colorimetric assay. The data on various characters of the crop were statistically analyzed to find out the significance of variation resulting from the experimental treatments. For this purpose, analysis of variance was worked out for each character of the crop. The difference between treatment means was compared by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 27, Number 2, December 2010, pp 61-64

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Plant inoculated with the strain CR₃produced the highest dry weight of root, which was 77% higher than control. The second highest dry weight of root was recorded from the strain CR₂followed by CR₄. The lowest dry weight of root was obtained with the control. The highest amount of N content in shoot was obtained with the strain CR₃ which was statistically similar to the strains CR₁ and CR₂. The lowest N content in shoot was obtained with the uninoculated control. Nitrogen content in shoot had a positive correlation with the number and dry weight of nodules. The highest N uptake was recorded by the strain CR₁which was statistically similar to the strain CR₂. The lowest N uptake by shoot was recorded from control. All the strains performed better than uninoculated control considering N uptake by shoot. A positive relationship (r=0.764) between dry weight of effective nodules and N uptake by shoot in chickpea was observed.

Knowledge Management: Journal