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Characterization of Chilli Germplasm

S. Rahman
PGRC, BARI, Gazipur

M. T. Islam
PGRC, BARI, Gazipur

M. A. Hossain
PGRC, BARI, Gazipur

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The experiment was conducted with 69 germplasm of chilli (Capsicum frutescens L.) at Plant Genetic Resources Centre (PGRC) of BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur, during winter 2013-14 to know the variability. Nine germplasm remained stunted growth with no flowering and fruiting. These germplasm were kept for next year observation. Only 60 germplasm were considered for characterization. The germplasm of chilli was collected from 13 districts in Bangladesh. A wide morphological variation found both in qualitatively and quantitatively. All the number of qualitative characters showed distinct variation among the germplasm except cotyledonous leaf shape and fruit persistence. The maximum variation was observed in fruit colour both at mature and immature stage. Fruit colour observed in four categories viz. green, black, green with blackish blush and dark green. Quantitatively highest variation was observed in yield per plant (CV 111.68%). Considering all the parameter studied the germplasm AI-1 (155.57g), AI-2 (112.0 g) and RI-2 (91.8g) and was found as the best yielder

Keywords: Chilli, Characterization, Germplasm

Location: PGRC of BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur,

Start Date: 00-00-2013

End Date: 00-00-2014

Program Area: Conservation and Biodiversity

Commodity: Plant

Objectives:

The present study on chilli was conducted to find out the variation in the collected germplasm and to identify the better germplasm for varietal improvement

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted at PGRC, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur, during winter 2013-14. Sixty nine germplasm of chilli, collected from 13 district of Bangladesh were used for characterization.The districts were Bogra, Joypurhat, Jamalpur, Khagrachari, Patuakhali, Borguna, Barisal, Jhalokathi, Faridpur, Jhenaidah, Magura, Thakurgaon and Gazipur. The seeds were sown in seed bed in 24 October, 2013. After one month the seedlings were transplanted in the pits of individual plot of the main experimental field. There were five tiers (58 x 3m²) in the main field. Each tiers contained 29 plots. The plot size was 3x2 m². Seedlings of same germplasm were planted in three rows having five pits were prepared in each plot. Row to row and plant to plant distance was both 60 cm. The fertilizers doses were applied as per Mondal et al. (2011). Fertilizer doses were 10,000 kg/ha cowdung, 210 kg/ha Urea, 33 kg/ha TSP, 200 kg/ha MP, 5kg/ha Borax. Weeding and mulching were done four times at 20 days interval starting at 20 December 2014. Individual net was used per plot to avoid the cross pollination. Sumithion 60 EC @ 2.5 ml/L and Vertimac 18 EC @ 1.2ml/L were sprayed for controlling insect and mite, respectively. The data was recorded as per the descriptor developed by AVDRC Taiwan and IBPGR(1983).

Source of Information: Annual Research Rreport, PGRC, BARI, 2013-2014

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1.

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Morphologically 69 germplasm of chilli were planted for characterization. But nine germplasm namely RI-16, RI-18, RI-23, RI-27, AH-3, AH-4, AH-7, AMS-40 and RT-17 produced stunted growth. Still they do not produce any flower and fruits. These germplasm were kept under observation for the next year to checkout their life cycle: annual or biennial. The rest 60 germplasm were characterized on the basis of qualitative and quantitative characters. A total of 22 qualitative characters were evaluated to screen out the germplasms into different groups (Table-1). All the characters showed distinct variation among the germplasm except cotyledonous leaf shape and fruit persistence. The maximum variation was observed in fruit colour both at mature and immature stage. Fruit colour observed in four categories viz. green, black, green with blackish blush and dark green. Green colour observed in maximum germplasm (51.67%) at both stages. Plant showed erect (20%) and compact (80%) growth habit.Three categories stem colour such as green (75%), purple (6.67%) and their mixtute (18.33%) was observed before transplanting. But after transplanting it was found only two categories such as green (15%) and purple (85%). Glabrous, sparse and intermediate type stem pubescence was found where majority of the germplasm exhibited glabrous pubescence. In case of leaf shape deltoid, ovate and lanceolate type was found where lanceolate exhibited in the maximum germplasm (45). Majority of the leaf exhibited as green colour (56.67%) and the rest were dark green (35%) and mixture of green and violate (8.33). Eighty percent of the germplasm showed glabrous and only 20 % showed sparse type leaf pubescence. Out of 60 germplasm only 5 germplasm namely AMS-39, AMS-44, AM-S45, AH-1, RI-2 showed leaf pigmentation. Branching habit was found as sparse (15%), intermediate (40%) and abundant (45%) category. At anthesis period majority of the accession showed intermediate (55%) pedicel position. Corolla colour exhibited as white (43.33%) light yellow (50%) and purple with white margin (96.67%). Only four germplasm showed dentate calyx margin and the rest (56) were intermediate. Annular constriction present in 39 germplasm and absent in the rest. Fruit position varied in three categories viz Declining (43.33%), Intermediate (50%) and erect (6.67%). Fruit shape near the peduncle attachment were mostly acute (71.67%) and the rest were obtused (28.33%). Majority of the germplasm produce pointed shape (86.67%) at the base of the fruits and the rest were blunt (8.33%) and sunken (5.00%). Eleven germplasm showed neck at the base of fruit but in the rest germplasm (49) it was absent. Both qualitative and quantitative variation was found among the collected germplasm. Most of the qualitative characters showed distinct variation among the germplasm. The maximum variation was observed in fruit colour. Quantitatively highest variation was observed in yield per plant. Therefore this variability could be used in crop improvement program. In addition the accession is categorized into different groups based on descriptor state. Plant breeder can choose accession according to their choice

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings