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Effect of Season, Genotype and Lactation on Milk Yield and Composition of Local and Crossbred Dairy Cows Reared Under Different Feed Base Region

M. A. Baset
Department of Livestock Production and Management, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh

K. S. Huque
Animal Production Research Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Dhaka 1341, Bangladesh

N. R. Sarker
Animal Production Research Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Dhaka 1341, Bangladesh

M. M. Hossain
Department of Animal Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

M. N. Islam
Department of Dairy Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A total of 160 cows, 10 cows in each of native (local cow) and crossbred (local × Holstein Friesian) origins differing in lactation were used in 2×2×2×2 factorial experiment using Randomized Block Design (RBD) to evaluate milk yield and composition of cows considering regions (good & poor feed base region), seasons (dry: Nov.–Feb. 2009 & wet: Jun.–Oct. 2009), genotypes and lactation. A “good and/or poor feed base” region was classified based on the availability of quantity and quality roughages throughout the year. The study revealed that the daily milk yield and 4% FCM of cows under good feed base condition were 6.76 and 6.49 kg, respectively and under poor feed base condition were 3.67 and 3.31 kg, respectively. Feed base region did not affect on milk fat and it was observed that the milk protein, lactose, solids-not-fat (SNF), minerals and total solids under good feed base condition were 37.9, 54.9, 100.9, 6.3 and 140.6 g/kg, respectively, whereas, under poor feed base condition the values were 36.3, 52.9, 98.0, 6.1 and 135.2 g/kg, respectively. Season did not affect milk yield and composition except minerals (6.5 g/kg vs. 5.9 g/kg). Genotypes significantly (p≤0.01) influenced daily milk yield, the milk protein and minerals. Lactation did not affect milk yield and the milk protein, but influenced the fat, lactose, SNF, minerals and total solids. The interaction of feed base regions and seasons significantly (p≤0.01) influenced milk yield and the milk fat and SNF. The milk protein and lactose was influenced by the interaction of feed bases region, seasons and lactation. Milk yield negatively correlated with fat per cent. The percentage of fat significantly (p≤0.01) correlated with protein, lactose, SNF, and minerals %. The percentage protein correlated with lactose, SNF and minerals. Lactose % significantly (p≤0.01) correlated with SNF%. It may be concluded that milk yield and composition depends on feed base region, genotype and lactation of cows. Season did not influence milk yield and the composition. Milk yield negatively correlated with the percentage of fat, protein, lactose, SNF and milk composition strongly correlated with each other.

Keywords: Milk yield; Milk composition; Season; Genotype; Lactation

Location: Baghabari, Shirajgonj and Burirhat, Rangpur

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Milk, Fodder, Cow

Objectives:

To assess the effect of season, genotype and lactation on milk yield and composition of local and crossbred dairy cows reared under different feed base management.

Methodology:

Design of experiment: A total of 160 cows, 10 cows in each of native (local cow) and crossbred (local × Holstein Friesian) origins differing in lactation were used in 2×2×2×2 factorial experiment using Randomized Block Design (RBD) to evaluate milk yield and composition of cows considering regions (good & poor feed base region), seasons (dry: Nov.–Feb. 2009 & wet: Jun.–Oct. 2009), genotypes (local cow: 247 kg and crossbred cow: 318 kg) and lactation (≤ 100 days of lactation and ≥ 100 days of lactation). A “good and/or poor feed base region” was classified based on the availability of quantity and quality of roughages throughout the year to the animals.
Site of the experiment: The study was conducted in Baghabari at Shirajgonj district as good feed base (availability of good quality and adequate quantity roughages to the animals throughout the year) and Burirhat at Rangpur district as poor feed base (availability of poor quality and insufficient quantity of roughages to the animals throughout the year) regions for a period of 21 days in each season.
Animal management: Rice straw was offered ad libitum twice a day; first in the morning at 07:00 am and again in the evening at 6:00 pm. Green grass was also offered ad libitum twice a day; first in the morning at 8.30 am and again in the evening at 4.30 pm. Concentrate mixture were supplied twice a day; first in the morning at 5.30 am and again in the evening at 4.00 pm before milking. Fresh water was ensured twice a day (morning at 5.45 am and evening at 4.45 pm) during the experimental period, but the amount of water was not measured. Milking was done manually twice a day; first in the morning at 6.00 am and again in the evening at 5.00 pm. Cows were housed in individual stall on a concrete floor throughout the experimental period.
Animal weighing and body condition score (BCS): Live weight of each cow was measured using a calibrated electronic digital scale (Baset et al.2010). BCS was assessed by palpating individual body parts, and an average score was recorded on a 5-point scale, where 1 was emaciated and 5 was obese (Wildman et al.1982).
Measurement of feed intake and chemical composition: Cows consumed all the concentrates but sometimes refused rice straw and green grasses. For measuring feed intake, rice straw and green grasses were weighed every day before supplying to the cow; next morning left over of straw and green grasses were weighed. Feed intake and refusals were recorded and analyzed for proximate component followed by the method of AOAC (2004). The values of rumen degradable protein (RDP) and rumen undegradable protein (UDP) were adopted from Kearl (1982), Singh & Oosting (1993), Walli et al.(1993) and Khandaker and Tareque (1997). Energy values of roughages and concentrates were also adopted from Kearl (1982) and Singh & Oosting (1993).
Milk yield and composition: The daily milk yield of individual cow was recorded and milk samples were collected from the morning and evening milking at the scheduled day in every week. Samples were preserved at -20°C and carried out in the Dairy Science Laboratory of Animal Production Research Division (APRD), Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI), Savar, Dhaka, and analyzed for fat, protein, lactose, SNF and minerals using a Milk Analyzer (LactoStar, Funke Gerber, Germany).
Statistical analysis: Data were analyzed in a 2×2×2×2 factorial experiment in Randomized Block Design (RBD) using a computer package GENSTAT (Lawes Agricultural Trust, 1997) to determine the treatment effects of mean.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. of Livestock Res. 19 (1-2): 50-65, Jan-Dec 2012

Article Link (Online Journal): http://banglajol.info/index.php/BJLR/article/view/26427/17732

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Results of the experiment shows that milk yield and composition of cows depends on feed base region, genotype and lactation. Season did not influence milk yield and composition. Milk yield negatively correlated with the percentage of fat, protein, lactose and SNF. The percentage of fat correlated with the percentage of protein, lactose, SNF, and minerals. The percentage of protein is correlated with the percentage of lactose, SNF and minerals. The percentage of lactose concentration significantly (p≤0.01) correlated with the percentage of SNF. The interaction of feed base regions and seasons significantly influenced milk yield and the milk fat and SNF, but the interaction of feed base regions, seasons and lactation affected the milk protein and lactose.

Knowledge Management: Journal