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Optimization of Sterile Male Ratio of Oriental Fruit Fly, Bactrocera Dorsalis (hendel)

A. Zahan
Senior Sector Specialist
Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee, Dhaka, Bangladesh

M. A. Latif
Department of Agronomy, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh.

M. A. Hossain
Insect Biotechnology Division (IBD), Institute of Food and Rediation Biology (IFRB), Atomic Energy Research Establishment (AERE), Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh

S. A. Khan
Insect Biotechnology Division (IBD), Institute of Food and Rediation Biology (IFRB), Atomic Energy Research Establishment (AERE), Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh

M. J. Rahman
Department of Agronomy, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The study was conducted to establish the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) method of controlling oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel). The sterile male ratio of oriental fruit fly was optimized for possible field application of Sterile Insect Technique. Several batches of 5 and 6-day- old pupae were irradiated at 30, 40, 50 and 60 Gray (Gy) to optimize the radiation dose of sterilization. Highest pupal duration and abnormal adults were found after imposing gamma radiation in 5-day-old pupae treated with 60 Gy dose. Radiation significantly increased the nonemergence percentage and decreased the normal emergence of oriental fruit fly. The sterilizing doses were recorded as 60 Gy for 5-day- old pupae. Fixed number of virgin females of oriental fruit flies were allowed to mate with unirradiated and irradiated males at 1:1, 1:2, 1:5 and 1:9 ratios in different cages to find out the rate of suppression against wild population. Minimum pupal recovery and percent normal emergence observed at 1:9 ratio. Deformed and undeveloped (not emerged) population increased with the ratio of irradiated males. The 1:9 ratio was found as the best for suppression of wild population of B. dorsalis.

Keywords: Irradiation, Ratio optimization, Sterile insect technique (SIT), Sterile insect release method (SIRM)

Location: Insect Biotechnology Division, Institute of Food and Radiation Biology, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Savar, Dhaka

Start Date: 00-01-2012

End Date: 00-02-2013

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Insects

Objectives:

To optimize the sterile male ratio of oriental fruit fly for suppression of B. dorsalis population.

Methodology:

The present study was conducted in the laboratory and experimental field of Insect Biotechnology Division (IBD), Institute of Food and Radiation Biology (IFRB), Atomic Energy Research Establishment (AERE), Savar, Dhaka during January 2012 to February 2013. About 5,000 adult flies were maintained in steel framed cages (76 X 66 X 76 cm) covered with wired net. The flies were supplied with protein based artificial diets viz., (i) baking yeast: sugar: water at 1:3:4 ratio, and (ii) casein: yeast extract: sugar at 1:1:2 ratio. Water was supplied in a conical flask socked with cotton ball. Temperature (°C) and relative humidity (RH) of the rearing room was maintained at 27 ± 2°C and 75 ± 5%, respectively by using air conditioner. Eggs were collected and washed with distilled water and sieved with a very fine screen and then measured volumetrically. Larvae of oriental fruit fly were reared in the laboratory using artificial standard larval diet and kept in larger bowls contained 1.5 to 4 cm thick sawdust used for pupation. Sawdust was sieved and collected pupae were transferred into Petri dishes and irradiated by exposing them to gamma radiation from a radioactive Cobalt-60 source. To optimize the radiation dose of sterilization several batches of 5 and 6-day-old pupae were irradiated at 30, 40, 50 and 60 Gy dose. To determine the sterilizing dose 50 male flies were collected from each of 30, 40, 50 and 60 Gy treated 5-day-old pupae and 50 females were also isolated from control batch and allowed to mate with individual dose treated males in small rearing cages. After 4 days of mating, small pieces of banana were placed in each cage as an oviposition medium. The piece of banana was removed after 24 hours from the adult cage and placed in a small plastic bowl with sawdust for further larval development. After subsequent days the total number of pupa and pupal duration were counted and recorded. This experiment was repeated 5 times. Before adult emergence, 100 pupae were placed in a Petri dish and allowed to emerge freely in a small screened cage. After completing emergence fully emerged, not emerged and deformed flies were counted and the percentage of emerging flies was calculated for each replication. Ten replicates of 100 pupae from each group (originating from different emergence dates) were performed. The male adults of B. dorsalis emerged from 5-day-old pupae irradiated with 60 Gy gamma radiation was segregated into separate cage. The males were allowed to mate 1:2, 1:5 and 1:9 (normal male: irradiated male) ratios with virgin females in separate adult cages. Control batches were maintained for the experiment. In field cage trials, 9-day-old 300 virgin females with corresponding number of irradiated and unirradiated males were released in the netted area (25 X 10 X 12.5 cm) in the natural environment. A piece of banana (200 g) was placed in cage as oviposition medium on the 4 th day after mating. Ratio between irradiated males and unirradiated males with unirradiated females was optimized by recording the number of pupal recovery, normal adult emergence, deformed flies emergence and nonemergence percentage and compared with each other. The recorded data were compiled and tabulated for statistical analysis. Data was analyzed according to Gomez and Gomez (1984) and mean values were compared by Least Significant Difference (LSD) test.

Source of Information: SAARC J. Agri., 13(2): 50-60 (2015), ISSN: 1682-8348

Article Link (Online Journal): OI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v13i2.26568

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) of pest control using area-wide releases of sterile insects was found to be effective in controlling reproduction of oriental fruit fly in a field population. So, it can be concluded that releasing irradiated males of Bactrocera dorsalis treated with 60 Gy in nature at 1:9 ratio (unirradiated male:irradiated male) could be the optimum ratio to suppress the wild population of oriental fruit flies without rendering any adverse impact on agro-ecosystem.

Knowledge Management: Journal