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Development of Suitable Package for Transportation of Pineapple

M N Amin
FMPE, BARI

M A Hossain
FMPE, BARI

M A Hoque
FMPE, BARI

K K Saha
FMPE, BARI

M M Ullah
FMPE, BARI

M Miaruddin
FMPE, BARI

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The corrugated fibre board (CFB) packages were designed in Farm Machinery and Post harvest Process Engineering Division, BARI, Gazipur in 2013 for packaging and transportation of honey queen pineapple. Dimensions of both the 5 ply and 7 ply CFB packages were 500´300´200 mm and 510´310´250 mm, respectively for holding 10-11 kg of honey queen pineapple. The load bearing capacities of the 5 ply and 7 ply CFB packages were 50 kg and 70 kg, respectively. The fruits were packed in different packaging materials viz. bamboo basket, CFB carton, and plastic crate. Matured pineapple of honey queen was purchased, sorted and packed in three packages from Khagrachuri in 2013, and Rangamati in 2014 and transported to Gazipur by a pickup van. Then the pineapple packages were opened in FMPE Division, BARI, Gazipur at ambient temperature (29 ± 2°C) and humidity (79± 2%). The CFB carton of 7 ply was better than that of CFB carton of 5 ply. No injury of fruits and damage of packages were observed. The lowest weight loss(0%) of pineapple was found in wrapping with 2% perforated polyethylene (0.05 mm). Packaging cost of CFB carton was higher than those of plastic crate and bamboo basket. Plastic crate should be used for local market to transport the fruits. CFB carton may be used for export market or supper market.This experiment will be continued to develop accurate size of carton and to make proper ventilation spaces for reducing the water condensation inside the cartons.

Keywords: Package, Transportation, Pineapple, Corrugated fibre board

Location: Farm Machinery and Postharvest Process Engineering Division, BARI, Gazipur

Start Date: 00-00-2013

End Date: 00-00-2013

Program Area: Postharvest and Agro-processing

Non-commodity: Adoption of technology

Objectives:

a) Designing and fabrication of different packages for transportation of pineapple

b) Testing the efficacy of the packages in terms of cost and quality of transported pineapple.

Methodology:

Two types of corrugated fibre board (CFB) cartons were designed and fabricated. Dimensions of the packages were 510´310´200 mm and 510´310´250 mm and numbers of ply of the packages were 5 and 7 ply, respectively. Holding capacity of these cartons was 10-11 kg. The bearing load of carton was measured by manually. Multipurpose plastic crate and local made bamboo basket were used for transportation of pineapple. Matured pineapple (5-10% yellow colour on bottom of the pineapple) of honey queen was purchased and transported from Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT) to Gazipur by pickup for conducting the following treatments of the experiment during 2013. The transportation weight and injury losses of pineapple were evaluated from Khagrachari to Gazipur. In 2014, pineapple (Mature pineapple at green stage (TSS=10.7-11.0 and hue= 100°) was harvested from farmers’ orchard at Bagabari, Rangamati at 8 am and packed in different packages. They were transported by a pickup from harvesting point to BARI, Gazipur (distance of 360 km). Each of the treatment was replicated thrice. Weight, injury, decay, colour, TSS of pineapple at different ripening stages were recorded.

Treatments

T₁= control (conventional method)

T₂= wrapping with newspaper and packed in plastic crate

T₃= wrapping with newspaper and packed in CFB

T₄= wrapping with 2% perforated polyethylene (0.05 mm) and packed in plastic crate

T₅= wrapping with 2% perforated polyethylene (0.05 mm) and packed in CFB

T₆=without wrapping and packed in plastic crate and

T₇= without wrapping and packed in CFB

Design of the corrugated fibre board

Export carton size of honey queen pineapple=10 kg

Export size of honey queen pineapple=400-500 g

According to the above condition, number of pine apple contain in the box=20

Length of CFB=maximum diameter of fruits x 5 fruits place one layer horizontally=45-50 cm

Width of CFB=height of fruits (fruits placed facing) = 30 cm

Height of CFB= maximum diameter of fruits x 2 layers=20 cm.

Source of Information: Annual Research Report, FMPE, BARI--2013-14

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The lowest weight loss of pineapple was found in treatment T₅(Wrapping with 2% poly in CFB) followed by treatments of T₁, T₂, T₃, T₄ T₆, and T₇. The decay of pineapple was found in treatment of T₁(conventional) and T₆(without wrapping in crate) followed by other treatments. The higher decay of packaging treatment was found due to over maturity of pineapple and packages were covered with triple to protect them from rain. It obtained that weight loss increased with the increase of storage days. The highest weight loss of pine apple was found in T₁ (bamboo basket) followed by CFB carton and plastic crate. It might be due to higher evaporation for more open spacing of the basket. It was also revealed that the minimum weight losses were found in wrapping with paper and having 2% perforated polyethylene for all packages followed by wrapping with paper and without wrapping of packages. This is might be due to less evaporation for wrapping and perforated polyethylene. Weight of packages depends on construction materials. Weight of plastic crate (1.77 kg) was the highest among all other types of packages and pineapple holding capacity also was the higher. The life of plastic crate was three years and it can be used 60 times for transportation of pineapple. The lowest weight was for CFB boxes but it can be used only one time. The bamboo basket had the highest pineapple holding capacity but it can be used only one time per transportation. Considering the pineapple holding capacity and frequency of uses, the lowest cost was required for plastic crate followed by CFBs and bamboo basket. The highest cost was spent for CFB carton due to single time use. Changes of hue angle and TSS on the ripening stages of pineapple during 2014 are shown in Fig.9. The hue angle of peel and pulp of pineapple decreased with the increase of ripening. It was observed that at full ripe stage of pineapple, both the peel and pulp were yellow colour. On the other hand, peel colour (h=83°) was more yellow than that of pulp (h=90°). Total soluble solid (TSS) of pineapple increased with the increase of ripening stages. When traders sell pineapple for local markets, they will harvest pineapple at ripening stages of 5 -10 % or 50 -70% yellow colour. The hue angle and TSS of pineapple of these ripening stages were 94° and 10.9% or 89° and 12.1%, respectively. For exporting the pineapple, traders will harvest pineapple at green stage (h=100° and TSS=10.7%). Dimensions of designed packaging of corrugated fibre board cartons was 500 x 300 x 200 mm with 5 ply and 500 x 310 x 250 mm with 7 ply for holding 10-11 kg of honey queen of pineapple. If traders want to sell pineapple for local markets then they will harvest pineapple at ripening stages of 5-10 % or 50-70% yellow colours. The hue angle and TSS of pineapple of these ripening stages were 94° and 10.9% or 89° and 12.1%, respectively. For exporting the pineapple, traders will harvest pineapple at green stage (h=100° and TSS=10.7%). Pineapple packed and transported in all packages was found in better condition in terms of injury of fruits and damage of packages. CFB cartons of 5 and 7 ply were suitable packaging materials for transportation of pineapple. The CFB carton of 7 ply was better than that of CFB carton of 5 ply. It was used for export and super market. Plastic crate should be used for local market to transport the fruits. Packaging costs of CFB cartons were higher than plastic crate followed by bamboo basket. CFB carton may be used for export market or supper market for packaging of pineapple.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings