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Variety and Sowing Time on the Growth and Yield of Chickpea (cicerarietinum L.) in Souther Region of Bangladesh

S. Sikdar
MS in Agronomy, Department of Agronomy , Patuakhali Science and Technology University , Dumki, Patuakhali, Bangladesh.

M. Abuyusuf
Associate Professor
Department of Agronomy , Patuakhali Science and Technology University , Dumki, Patuakhali, Bangladesh

S. Ahmed
Professor
Department of Agronomy, Patuakhali Science and Technology, University, Dumki, Patuakhali, Bangladesh

M.F. Tazmin
MS in Agronomy , Departm ent of Agronomy , Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An experiment was conducted at the Field Laboratory of Agronomy Department, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali during the period from November 2012 to Marc h 2013 to find out the effect of variety and sowing time on the yield performance of chickpea. The experiment was carried out with two varieties (V₁ = BARI Chola 2 and V₂ = BARI Chola 4), three sowing time (S₁ = 10 November, S₂ = 20 November, and S₃ = 30 November) with four replications. The experiment was laid out in RCB design with four replications. Varietal effect was significantly influenced the morpho - physiological, yield and yield contributing characters of chickpea. The BARI Chola 4 at 90 days after sowing produced the highest plant height (38.54 cm), branches per plant (20.32), canopy coverage (2361.69 cm²) and pods plant^-1 (62.57), seeds pod^-1 (1.35), seed yield (6.14 g/plant), TDM (8.44 g), 100 - seed weight (13.89 g), seed yield (1719.41 kg/ha), stover yield ( 2365.77 kg ha^-1), biological yield (4085.17 kg ha^-1) and harvest index (41.89%) than BARI Chola 2 recorded the lower results all the parameters. Sowing time significantly influenced all characteristics of the study. Sowing on 20 November produced highest plant height (40.69 cm), branches (24), canopy cove rage (2361.69 cm²),pods/plant (75.63), seeds pod^-1 (1.37), TDM (8.44 g), 100 - seed weight (14.09g), seed yield (1930.8 kg/ha), stover yield(2476.2 kg ha^-1), biological yield (4407.00 kg ha^-1) and harvest index (43.81%) and 10 November sowing showed lowest result. Interaction effect was also significantly influenced all characters where 20 November sowing BARI Chola 4 recorded the highest plant height ( 42.08 cm), branches per plant (27.45), canopy coverage (2891.94 cm²), pods per plant (88.95), seeds per pod (1.41), 100 seed weight (14.66 g), seed yield per plant (7.18), seed yield (2010.60 kg ha^-1), total dry matter per plant (8.94 g), stover yield (2515.80 kg ha^-1), biological yield (4526.40 kg ha^-1), harvest index (44.48%) than other combinations. So, BARI Chola 4 to be sown on 20 November for obtaining the higher yield of chickpea

Keywords: Chickpea, Variety, Sowing time, Yield

Location: Department of Agronomy, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali

Start Date: 00-11-2012

End Date: 00-03-2013

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Chickpea

Objectives:

To study the varietal differences growth, yield and yield attributes point of view.
To determine the optimum sowing time of comparable yield of chickpea.
To assess the confirmed effect of variety and sowing time for maximum yield of chickpea.

Methodology:

The field experiment was conducted at the Field Laboratory of the Department of Agronomy, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali during the period of November 2012 to March 2013 to study on yield and yield contributing characters of chickpea varieties including three sowing times in coastal region of Bangladesh. Geographically, the research farm is located at 22⁰37' N latitude and 89⁰10' E longitudes. The maximum area is covered by Ganges Tidal Flood plains and falls under Agro Ecological Zone “AEZ 13” (UNDP and FAO, 1988). The area lies at 0.9 to 2.1 meter above mean sea level (Iftekhar& Islam, 2004). This region occupies a vast area of tidal floodplain land in the south – western part of Patuakhali district . The land type of the experiment field was low as because it was situated about 1.5 m above the sea level. The area is covered by tropical climate which is characterized by high temperature, high humidity, heavy precipitation during April to October and relatively low temperature and low rainfall with low humidity from October to February. The field of the experimental site belongs to the Ganges Tidal Floodplain (AEZ 13) which was characterized by non-calcareous Grey Floodplain soil with silty clay loam. The soil was mildly alkaline and non-saline. The soil was well drained and medium high. The soil was loam in texture and having soil pH ranges from 5.50 to 6.50. Organic matter content was low (1.1%). The experiment consisted of two chickpea varieties and three sowing time and was laid out in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The size of each plot was 10 m² (4 × 2.5 m) where replication to replication distance was 1 m and plot to plot distance was 50 cm, respectively. Row to row distance was 40 cm and seed to seed distance was 10 cm, respectively. So, the total plots were 24. Factor A: Variety (Two) BARI Chola 2 and BARI Chola 4. Factor B: Sowing time (Three) the seed were sown on three sowing dates. They were 10 November, 20 November and 30 November, 2012 . Seed of the selected two chickpea varieties i.e. BARI Chola 2 and BARI Chola 4 were collected from Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Joydebpur, Gazi pur on 4 th November, 2012.The land was finely tilt with power tiller during first week of November, 2012. The clods were broken and the land was leveled with tiller ladder. The weeds and stubble were removed. During final land preparation N, P and K at the rate of 40 - 50, 80 - 90 and 30 - 40 kg/ha were added respectively as Urea, TSP and MOP. Besides, well decomposed cow dung was also incorporated. Before sowing seeds were treated with Vitavax - 200 @ 3 g/kg seed.Plots were laid out in the field following randomized complete block design on 9^th November, 2012. Ails, drains and channels were made according to the layout.After germination of plants were thinned out in the early seedling stage at 15 days after sowing (DAS) to give uniform plant stand. Crops were infested with different species of weeds. So weeding of different plots was done at two times to keep the plots weed free. At 30 and 45 days after sowing first and second weeding were done to control weeds and to break the soil crust.The irrigation was done at different times during study. Irrigation water was applied at vegetative growth and pod formation stage. Proper drainage system was also developed for draining out excess water.Proper crop protection measures were taken during the entire course of crop production. The crop was infested by the pod borer at the flowering stage were successfully controlled by application of Ripcord 60EC @ 2ml/kg.The crop was harvested at their full maturity when all the plants and pods became turned into brown color. The harvested crop of each plot was bundled separately and tagged properly. Seeds and other plant parts were separated for collecting the data. Separated seeds, straw and other parts of chickpea were also dried in sun and the plot wise data were recorded. Seed were separated from pods and weighed. Data was collected on different crop and yield contributing characters as follows:Plant height (cm) , Total number of branch plant^-1, Total dry matter (g) , Canopy coverage (cm²) , Number of pod plant^-1, Number of seeds pod^-1, Yield plant^-1 (g) , 100 - seed weight (g) , Stover yield (kg ha^-1) , Biological yield (kg ha^-1) , Seed yield (kg ha^-1) , Harvest index (%). The recorded data for different parameters were compiled and tabulated in proper form for statistical analysis. Analysis of variance was done with the help of computer software package MSTAT-C program. The mean differences among the treatments were adjudged by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 5% level. (Gomez and Gomez, 1984).

Source of Information: International Journal of Research in Agricultural Sciences, Volume 2, Issue 5, (2015):236-244, ISSN (Online): 2348–3997)

Article Link (Online Journal): http://www.ijras.org/administrator/components/com_jresearch/files/publications/IJRAS_287_Final.pdf

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

BARI Chola 4 recorded the highest plant height (42.08 cm), branches per plant (27.45), canopy coverage (2891.94 cm²), pods per plant (88.95), seeds per pod (1.41), 100 seed weight (14.66 g), seed yield per plant (7.18), seed yield (2010.60 kg ha^-1), total dry matter per plant (8.94 g), stover yield (2515.80 kg ha^-1), biological yield (4526.40 kg ha^-1), harvest index (44.48%) than other combinations, whereas BARI Chola 2 recorded the lower results all the parameters. So, BARI Chola 4 to be sown on 20 November for obtaining the higher yield of chickpea because sowing time significantly influenced all characteristics of the study.

Knowledge Management: Journal