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A Prevalence of Parasites in Black Bengal Goats in Chittagong, Bangladesh

M. M. Hassan
Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chittagong, Bangladesh.

M. A. Hoque
Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chittagong, Bangladesh.

S. K. M. A. Islam
Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chittagong, Bangladesh.

S. A. Khan
Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chittagong, Bangladesh.

K. Roy
Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chittagong, Bangladesh.

Q. Banu
Department of Zoology, University of Chittagong, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An investigation was carried out to measure the pre valence of ecto- and endopatasites in semi- scavenging black bengal goat (Capra hircus) at Pahartali Thana under Chittagong district, Bangladesh during the period of February to May/2006. The over all prevalence of gastrointestinal helminthsin goat were 63.41% (N=317). In these positive samples, Strongyloides spp. (51.74%) was more prevalent and Moniezia sp. and Capillaria sp. were least prevalent (n=201). The gastrointestinal parasitic load of goats varied from egg per gram (epg) 0 to 1600. Faecal sample evaluation shows, 36.95% and 13.56% goats were loaded epg 0 and 300, respectively. Age was evident as risk factor where older goats (>24 month) were more infected by endoparasites than younger ones (< 24 month) in this study (p < 0.05). Irrespective of factors, the prevalence of ecto- and endoparasites has been quite high. So, the preventive measurement should be adopted for this goat population. As goats were infected with ecto- and endoparasites, broad spectrum anthelmintics might be judicious choice. As older goats were more susceptible than younger ones for endoparasites, the grazing habit should be restricted.

Keywords: Black bengal goat, Prevalence survey, Ecto-and endo parasites.

Location: Pahartali Thana, Chittagong .

Start Date: 00-02-2006

End Date: 00-05-2006

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Diseases

Objectives:

To study the prevalence of parasites of black bengal goats (Capra hircus) in Chittagong, Bangladesh.

Methodology:

The survey was conducted in mixture of high, plain and low land at the periphery of Chittagong city under Pahartali Thana. Two locations known as "wards" namely: North Kattali and Soripara were selected for the study. The availability of goat population and easy communication were taken into account for the selection of areas. Farmers of peri-urban also largely depend on the mixed family farming. A mixed family farm consists of 1 to 2 cattle or goats along with a few poultry. In addition, their livelihoods also depend on small business, job and daily labor. They rear goats in semi-scavenging system with the aim of having kids and meat as a source of subsistent family income. A total of 317 semi-scavenging goats of 30 households were selected randomly from a complete list of households. Each households consisting of ≥ 5 black bengal goats (C. hircus) and individual age of being ≥5 months was included in the sampling frame. The sampling frame was developed at the beginning of the study as there was no existing sampling frame. The survey was carried out during 4 months period (February to May , 2006) at Pahartali thana in Chittagong district, Bangladesh. We sampled 7 to 10 black bengal goats (C. hircus) each day early in the morning. Around 5 g of fresh feacal sample from each individual were drawn directly from the rectum with aseptic condition (using hand gloves). The samples were kept in vials containing 10% formalin. Each vial was marked with the unique identification number and basic demographic information (age, sex and body weight). A record keeping sheet was used to register demographic information of goats, flock size and ty pes of goat house. The samples were immediately transferred to parasitology laboratory, Chittagong veterinary and animal sciences university (CVASU) and kept in refrigerator at 4°C temperature until further examination. Both the direct smear and flotation methods described by Urquhart et al. (1996) were performed to screen out the positive samples. Modified McMaster Counting technique developed by Soulsby (1986) and Tibor (1999) was also carried out to determine the parasitic eggs load (epg). Ecto-parasitic loads were counted by physical examination of two more susceptible areas of affected goats: marked by 4 square inches of neck and loin following Hannan et al. (2001). The age of the goat were determined on the basis of dentition, sex were detected by examining the external genitalia and body weight were measured using automatic balance (MISAKI; Model-CAP. 130 kg, GRAD.0-100;100-130 kg; Made in Japan) .

Statistical analysis: The obtained information was imported, stored and coded accordingly using Microsoft Excel-2000. The data was exported from MS Excel-2000 to STATA (TM) 9.0 (Stata Corporation College Station) for analysis. The results for epg of endo and ecto-parasites were described in frequency percentage. For analysis of epg (endo and ecto) of parasites as a categorical variable, chi-square test (descriptive) and logistic regression (univariable and multivariable) were used. We included 3 numerical and two binary variables in univariable Chi-Square and logistic regression. The numerical variables (age, body weight and flock size) were categorized into two based on 50% of the observation. Variables that were screened out as significant (p<0.05) in univariable analysis were moved forward for the multivariable analysis. The confounding and interaction effects were checked for age and body weight following backward elimination to refine the final model and the final model included age and body weight of the goats. The results were expressed in percentage with p-value for Chi-Square test and showed in odd ratio (OR) with standard error, p-value and 95% confidence interval for logistic regression.

Article Link (Online Journal): http://www.academicjournals.org/article/article1379431647_Hassan%20et%20al.pdf

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The prevalence of endo- and- ecto parasites has been quite high. It may be concluded that prevalence of parasitic infestation was higher in aged, heavier body weight and large flock sized black bengal goats. Based on the results obtained from the study, regular deworming and improvement of husbandry practices was suggested.

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