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Evaluation of Some Indigenous Plant Extracts Against Red Spider Mite, Oligonychus Coffeae Nietner (acari: Tetranychydae) in Tea

Mohammad Shameem Al Mamun*
Department of Food Engineering and Tea Technology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh

Md. Mozammel Hoque
Department of Food Engineering and Tea Technology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh

Mainuddin Ahmed2
Entomology Division, Bangladesh Tea Research Institute, Srimangal, Moulvibazar, Bangladesh

Animesh Sarkar
Department of Food Engineering and Tea Technology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh

Humayun Kabir
Department of Food Engineering and Tea Technology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the toxicity of some locally available indigenous plants such as Bishkatali (Polygonum hydropiper), Burweed (Xanthium strumarium), Datura (Datura metel), Lantana (Lantana camara), Mahogani (Swietenia mahagoni) and Neem (Azadirachta indica) at 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0% (w/v) concentrations against red spider mite, Oligonychus coffeae under both laboratory and field conditions at Bangladesh Tea Research Institute, Srimangal, Moulvibazar during 2012–2013. Effect of plant extracts on mortality of two natural predators of Stethorus gilvifrons (Coccinellidae) and Oxyopes sp. (Oxyopidae) and quality of made tea by organoleptic test were also studied. Data were collected at 24 HAT (Hours After Treatment), 48 HAT, 72 HAT in the laboratory and at weekly interval in field condition. Results revealed that aqueous extract of X. strumarium showed the highest average mortality (89.66%) of red spider mite at 10% concentration after 72 HAT followed by S. mahagoni (86.21%) whereas aqueous extracts of P. hydropiper, D. metel, L. camara and A. indica exhibited pronounced acaricidal action (69.94–81.24%) at 72 HAT at the same concentration. Similar trend of toxicity was also observed at 24 HAT and 48 HAT. From the field evaluation it was found that the highest (82.27–83.72%) reduction in mite population was observed at 10% concentrations of X. strumarium followed by S. mahagoni (79.47– 80.94%). The order of toxicity of the tested aqueous plant extracts on adult red spider mite was: X. strumarium > S. mahagoni > P. hydropiper > L. camara > A. indica > D. metel in both laboratory and field conditions. Application of the tested biopesticides did not affect the natural predators such as Stethorus gilvifrons and Oxyopes sp. at 10% of concentration. Made tea produced from plant extracts treated shoots were found above average quality and taint free when subjected to organoleptic evaluation. These indigenous plants can therefore be incorporated in the integrated pest management (IPM) strategy of red spider mite and reduce the load of synthetic chemicals in tea ecosystem.

Keywords: Tea; Red spider mite; Oligonychus coffeae, Botanicals; Toxicant; Biopesticide; IPM.

Location:

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Pest Management

Non-commodity: Performance

Objectives:

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the toxic effect of six indigenous plant extracts such as Bishkatali (Polygonum hydropiper), Burweed (Xanthium strumarium), Datura (Datura metel), Lantana (Lantana camara), Mahogani (Swietenia mahagoni) and Neem (Azadirachta indica) against red spider mite, Oligonychus coffeae, a major pest of tea in Bangladesh.

Methodology:

An experiment was conducted both in the Entomology laboratory and the main farm of Bangladesh Tea Research Institute (BTRI), Srimangal, Moulvibazar during 2012– 2013. The red spider mites (both male and female) including larvae and adults were collected from the different sections of BTRI main farm and reared in the Entomology laboratory, BTRI under control conditions (temperature 27–30°C, relative humidity 70- 80% and photoperiod 16L: 8Dh) on a susceptible tea clone, BT2 by following detached leaf culture method of Cranham and Helle (1985) with slight modifications. Preparation of plant extracts Fresh leaves, succulent stems, seeds of Bishkatali (Polygonum hydropiper), Burweed (Xanthium strumarium), Datura (Datura metel), Lantana (Lantana camara), Mahogani (Swietenia mahagoni) and Neem (Azadirachta indica) were collected locally from nearby areas of BTRI main farm, Srimangal, Moulvibazar. Each plant material was dried under shade and powdered by using electric grinder and pass through a 20 mesh sieve and kept in a 1 kg capacity polypropylene bag. 300 g of each powdered plant material were mixed by 1000 ml of distilled water and shaken for 8 hrs in a mechanical shaker and then kept it for 24 hrs. The extract was separated using fine muslin cloth and then filtered. The filtrate was collected and volume was made up to 1000 ml. This was considered as stock solution. Field evaluation: A field trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of different plant extracts at 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0% concentration against red spider mite in tea fields at BTRI main farm. RSM susceptible clone BT2 planted plot with heavy infestation was chosen for the current study by following complete randomized block design (RCBD) with three replications. Each plot in the experiment was separated by two buffer rows of non-experimental tea. Thirty bushes per replication were considered for each treatment along with unsprayed control. After selection of the plots, pre-treatment count was taken in the respective plots and two rounds of foliar spray were given at 15 days interval with hand operated knapsack sprayer (Model-Cooper Pegler; Capacity- 15 liters) with water volume of 1000L/ha. Mite populations were assessed at weekly interval by collecting 10 mature leaves at random from each block and from each leaf; mites were counted using mite brushing machine (Model-Leedom Engineering, USA) and a compound microscope. Statistical analysis: The experimental data were statistically analyzed by Completely Randomized Design (factorial CRD) and Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) using MSTAT statistical software in a microcomputer. The results are expressed as Mean ± SE and data were statistically analyzed by one-way ANOVA, with the level of significance set at p < 0.01. The mean values adjusted by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT).

Source of Information: Persian Journal of Acarology, 2015, Vol. 4, No. 4, pp. 425–435

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The botanicals used in the experiment had direct toxic effect against red spider mite. The tested indigenous plants are available throughout tea growing areas and the planters may use these plants in tea pest management especially for the control of red spider mite, Oligonychus coffeae infesting tea in Bangladesh. Therefore, bio-rational pesticide based integrated pest management should be emphasized so that the indigenous plant extracts could be used for sustainable crop protection and also gives inkling for their better use under IPM program ensuring a healthier pesticide-free tea beverage.

Knowledge Management: Journal