Agricultural Research Management Information System

Home
Research Summary
Search
About Us
- ARMIS
- Brochure
Contact Us
Report
User Request
Data Input
Help
- Operation Manual
  - PDF
  - Video
- Program Area & Commodity
We have reached 37600 number of research entries at this moment.

- Logout

Research Detail

Home
Research
Detail

Comparative Efficacy of Different Herbal and Modern Anthelmintics Against Gastrointestinal Nematodiasis in Fowl

M. Shah Alam
Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Babugonj, Barisal-8210

KJ Alam
Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Babugonj, Barisal-8210

N Begum
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Babugonj, Barisal-8210

MR Amin
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Babugonj, Barisal-8210

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The aqueous and ethanol extract of some plants and plant materials were screened for their in vitro anthelmintic effects against gastrointestinal nematodes of fowl were studied. The plant materials were extracted in distilled water (aqueous extract) and ethyl alcohol (ethanol extract). Screening of freshly prepared aqueous extract of three plant materials namely neem (Azadirachta indica), papaya (Carica papaya), korolla (Momordica charantia) and two patent drugs Eskanex® (Levamisole) and Eskapar® (Piperazine) were selected. Aqueous extracts of 25mg/ml, 50mg/ml and 100mg/ml concentration; ethanol extracts of 10mg/ml, 25mg/ml, and 50mg/ml were used for screening. Among the selected plants and patent drugs and all three concentration of aqueous extracts papaya seed was found best at 25mg/ml concentration (41%), 50mg/ml concentration (74%) and 100mg/ml (92%) followed by korolla (22%, 70% and 90% in 25mg/ml, 50mg/ml and 100mg/ml concentration respectively) against adult parasite and these plants namely papaya seed showed significant efficacy against infective larvae L₃. Ethanol extracts of plants also showed significant efficacy against adult gastrointestinal worms at a concentration of 50 mg/ml. Among the selected plants and all three concentration of the ethanol extract revealed the highest efficacious plant (100%) at a concentration of 50 mg/ml. In all concentrations of ethanol extract papaya was observed as the best plant (100%, 98% and 84% at 50mg/ml, 25mg/ml and 10mg/ml concentration respectively) followed by korolla (100%, 93% and 74% at 50mg/ml, 25mg/ml and 10mg/ml concentration respectively) against adult whereas in case of larvae it showed significant efficacy. The present study suggests that papaya, korolla and neem are effective and can be used against the treatment of nematodiasis in fowl in alternative of patent drugs. More studies are needed to determine the active principles of pharmacological and toxicological assessment.

Keywords: Comparative Efficacy, Extract, Gastrointestinal, Herbal Anthelmintic, Nematodiasis

Location: Laboratory of the Department of Parasitology, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh.

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Development of Host and Medicinal Plants

Commodity: Poultry

Objectives:

To select the potential plants to be used against Ascaridia galli, Heterakis gallinae and Capillaria spp infection in chickens.

Methodology:

The present study on the screening of the indigenous medicinal plants for the in vitro anthelmintic activities against nematodes in chickens was conducted in the laboratory of the Department of Parasitology, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh.
Selection of plants used for screening
Only three plants such as Neem, Papaya and Korolla were selected for in vitro screening to diet their effectiveness against chicken nematodes. Plants were matured and shrubs, herbs, tree and full of flowers, fruits and leaves free from diseases condition or other deformities.
Collection of plants materials
Plant and plants materials were collected from BAU campus and its surroundings rural areas. The plants and plant materials that were collected are as follows:
The test parasites
Gastrointestinal nematode used as parasites in this study. The most important gastro intestinal nematodes of the chicken are Ascaridia galli, Heterakis gallinae, and Capillaria spp.
The test drugs
Two patent drugs were used in this study. The drugs were Eskanex (Levamisole) and Eskapar (Piperazine). These drugs were used for positive control in vitro screening and also used to compare the anathematic efficacy of different plants.
Preparation of plant dust and extract
After collection and bring them to the laboratory, all fresh leaves seeds and bark were washed in running water and cut into small pieces. Firstly the plant materials were dried in the shade and then they were dried in the oven at 55-56⁰c to gain constant weight. Dust was prepared by pulverizing the dried leaves, seeds and barks with the help of a manual grinder, haman dista. A 25 mesh diameter sieve was used to obtain find dust and preserved them into air tight plastic container, till their use in extract preparation. Ten gram each category of dust were taken in a 500ml beaker and separately mixed with 100ml of different solvent (Distilled water, Ethanol). The mixtures was stirred for 30 minutes by magnetic stirrer (6000rpm) and let stand for 24 hrs. The mixture was filtered through a fine cloth and again through filter paper (whatman no. 1). The filtered materials were taken into a round bottom flask and then condensed by evaporation of solvent from filtrate in water bath at 50ºc and 60ºc for ethanol and water respectively. After the evaporation of solvent from filtrate, the condensed extract were preserved in tightly corked labeled bottle and stored in a refrigera-tor until their screening for anthelmintic property.
Preparation of stock solution
Stock solutions of plant extracts were prepared by diluting the condensed extracts with water. Different concentration of each category of plant extracts were prepared by dissolving them in the water prior to anthelmintic screening.
Collection of adult’s parasites, cultivation of larvae and their maintenance in the laboratory
Collection and maintenance of adult parasites
Adult nematodes were obtained from the intestinal tracts of chick-en slaughtered in the local market using method. Briefly the small and large intestines were collected and brought to laboratory. They were washed in tap water. The process was repeated for several times until the sediment becoming transparent. Then the adult gastro intestinal worms were collected with the help of a needle and placed in a Petri dish containing PBS (Phosphate Buffer Saline).Petri dish containing the worm was kept in incubator at 38ºc until required experiment on same day.
In vitro cultivation and maintenance of infective larvae (L₃) in the laboratory
The collected worms were washed several times with distill water or PBS. Then uteri of gravid females were dissected out, crushed gently in a Petri dish to release eggs. A known volume of PBS was added to eggs and incubated at room temperature (25-30ºc) for about 72 hrs transferred to a 100 ml beaker and incubated further until development of L₃. During cultivation the culture media were monitored every morning for observing the development of larvae towards L₃ stage. Sterile faecal culture (SFC) was made by obtaining five gm of faeces from chicken, free from nematode infection. The faeces were taken in a Petri dish, mixed with 10 ml hot distilled water to kill nematode eggs if any. Pre counted eggs suspended in PBS were then spread over the faeces in the Petri dish. The Petri dish were covered with a lid and incubated at room temperature as mentioned earlier for the development of L₃. Infected faecal culture (IFC) was prepared using faeces from natu-rally infected chicken. Five gram of faeces was placed in a Petri-dish (12cm) and was moisture by adding distilled water, covered with a lid and incubated similarly as mentioned above. The L₃ in both type of faecal cultures were recovered by Baermannization.
After development L₃ the culture media was washed several times in PBS through centrifugation at 2000 rpm for 7 minutes and finally counted and suspended in a 100 ml beaker. After cultivation, the infective larvae were maintained in the laboratory by incubating them 25-30ºc and in sterile condition.
Screening of plant extract for anthelmintic activity
In vitro screening of plant extract
In vitro screening with pharmacological preparations (aqueous and ethanol extracts) of different plants was performed using L₃ and adult gastro intestinal nematodes. The following techniques were followed for in vitro screening.
In vitro screening with adult
Screening of aqueous plant extract at various concentration level viz.25mg/ml and 100mg/ml using both adults and L₃ stage larva were performed. A 200 μl PBS containing 25 adult worms (both male and female) was pipetted on to a Petri-dish and 800 μl of aqueous extracts of each concentration was then added. Following a 3hrs treatment period at room temperature, the non-motile (dead) worms were counted and percentage was calculated.
Statistical analyses
In vitro mortality rate of nematode in different plant preparations at different time intervals were calculated in Statistical package for social science (SPSS). To identify the best plant and best prep-arations, percentage of mortality rate were transformed using. Then the transformed data transferred to the SPSS, 11.5 Version for t- test value.

Source of Information: International Journal of Biological Research, 2 (2) (2014) 145-148

Article Link (Online Journal): doi: 10.14419/ijbr.v2i2.3584

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The anthelmintic effect of some medicinal plant materials such as neem leaves, neem seeds, papaya seeds, korolla (whole) and modern anthelmintic were studied preparing their aqueous and ethanol extract by giving in vitro trial on adult nematode and developmental stage larvae (L₃) of fowl. However, further studies are recommended with developmental stages of other helminth parasites of poultry both for the plants found to be effective and those found to be inactive against the development of larvae (L₃) in order to determine the spectrum of activity of the former and possible action against other helminth with the latter.

Knowledge Management: Journal