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Effects of Long Term Administration of Gentamicin on Clinico-pathological Parameters in Swiss Albino Mice

M. A. Q. Miah
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

M. A. Awal
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

M. M. Rahman
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

M. S. Islam
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The effects of long-term intramuscular injection of gentamicin (Gentin^®inj., Opsonin, Bangladesh Ltd.) were studied clinico- pathologically on twenty 60 day-old Swiss Albino mice of either sex for 42 days during January to March 2002. All the mice Here grouped into four, each consisting of one male and four female mice, of which one group (group A) served as control without giving any treatment while groups B, C and D received recommended (50 mg / kg), medium (75 mg / kg) and double the recommended (100 mg / kg) doses of gentamicin intramuscularly daily for 42 days. All the treated mice produced mild to severe clinical signs, i.e., roughness of the body coat, dullness, depression, anorexia and weakness. At recommended and medium doses the offspring were apparently normal but at double the recommended dose, 10% offspring were died and others were weak and emaciated. No significant gross change was found in lungs, spleen and heart of all the treated groups but the kidney was found soft, flabby and enlarged and the heart was found darker, congested with necrotic foci on the surface. Histopathological changes showed chronic interstitial nephritis in groups B and C following recommended (50 mg / kg) and medium (75 mg / kg) doses while severe glomerulonephritis was observed following double the recommended dose (100 mg / kg) of gentamicin. In liver, histopathological study showed coagulation necrosis following recommended dose, whereas, karyorrnoexis and tissue regeneration were found following medium and double the recommended doses. In lungs, haemorrhage and thickening of interstitial tissues were observed following double the recommended dose of gentamicin in mice. Thus long term administration of higher dose of gentamicin is detrimental to the vital organs.

Keywords: Gentamicin, Clinical signs, Mice, Effects, Histopathology

Location: Department of Pharmacology, BAU, Mymensingh.

Start Date: 00-01-2002

End Date: 00-03-2002

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Rats

Objectives:

To study the adverse effects of gentamicin, if any, on some clinical, gross and histopathological parameters in mice

Methodology:

This study was carried out on twenty 60-day-old Swiss Albino mice of either sex during the period from January to March 2002 in the Department of Pharmacology, BAU, Mymensingh. The mice were purchased from ICDDR, B, Mohakhali, Dhaka and were kept under close observation in order to acclimatize to the new environment for a period of one week. After acclimatization they were randomly divided into four equal groups comprising one male and four female mice in each and numbered them as groups A, B, C and D and kept group wise in separate cages with feed and water ad libitum. Body weight of all groups of mice was recorded before commencement of treatment. Among four groups, one group of mice (group A) was kept as control without giving any treatment while mice of groups B, C and D were treated with gentamicin (Gentin^® inj., Opsonin Bangladesh Ltd.) @ 50 mg / kg body weight (0.15 ml / mice), 75 mg / kg body weight (0.225 ml / mice) and 100 mg / kg body weight (0.30 ml / mice) 1M respectively for 42 consecutive days. The lowest (50 mg / kg) and highest (100 mg / kg) doses of gentamicin used in this study were the recommended and double the recommended dose respectively. The nature and time of onset of adverse effects, mortality if any were recorded carefully after administration of gentamicin for 42 days of treatment period as well as 7 days of post-treatment period. At the end of experiment all adult mice were killed by euthanasia with over dosing of ether and subjected to postmortem examination with a view to study the gross morphological and histopathological changes. The gross lesions present in various organs were observed carefully and recorded properly. Representative tissue samples of liver, kidney, spleen, lungs and heart were collected and fixed in \0% buffered neutral formalin solution for histopathological studies. The well-fixed tissues were placed under running tap water for 24 hours and then they were dehydrated through a series of ascending grades of alcohol (70%, 80%, 95% and 100%). Tissues were cleared by two changes of chloroform and impregnated in paraffin at 58 ^oC. Finally the tissues were embedded in liquid paraffin. The tissues were sectioned at 4 to 6 µ from paraffin block with the help of rotary microtome and placed in water bath (37-40^oC) for spreading and the sections were taken on grease free clean glass slides and dried in air. The histologic sections were stained with haematoxilin and eosin (H & E) stain following the routine procedure of histopathological studies. The stained sections were then permanently mounted in Canada balsam with a cover slip.

Source of Information: Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2005), 3 (1): 87-91.

Article Link (Online Journal): http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v3i1.11393

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

No significant gross change was found in lungs, spleen and heart of all the treated groups but the kidney was found soft, flabby and enlarged and the heart was found darker, congested with necrotic foci on the surface. Histopathological changes showed chronic interstitial nephritis in groups B and C following recommended (50 mg / kg) and medium (75 mg / kg) doses while severe glomerulonephritis was observed following double the recommended dose (100 mg / kg) of gentamicin. In liver, histopathological study showed coagulation necrosis following recommended dose, whereas, karyorrnoexis and tissue regeneration were found following medium and double the recommended doses. In lungs, haemorrhage and thickening of interstitial tissues were observed following double the recommended dose of gentamicin in mice. Thus long term administration of higher dose of gentamicin is detrimental to the vital organs.

Knowledge Management: Journal