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Effects of Garlic, Turmeric and Betel Leaf Against Gastro Intestinal Nematodes in Cattle

M. R. Amin
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

M. Mostofa
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

M. A. Awal
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

M. A. Sultana
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The experiment was conducted in the Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, for a period of 28 days to study the effects of garlic (Allium sativum, Linn., @ 100 mg/kg bw t.), turmeric (Curcuma longa, Linn., @ 100 mg/kg b wt.) and betel leaf (Piper betle, Linn., @ 100 mg/kg bw t.) against natural gastrointestinal nematodes in cattle. The effects of garlic, turmeric and betel leaf on some hematological parameters (TEC, Hb, PCV and TLC), biochemical parameters (ALT and AST) and clinical parameter (body weight) were also observed. Twenty four (24) naturally parasitized cattle of BAU Dairy Farm, Mymensingh were randomly divided into four groups, each consisting of six (6) cattle. Water extract of bulbs of garlic were administered orally to the cattle of group A. Cattle of group B received orally water extract of rhizome of turmeric. Cattle of group C were treated orally with leaves of betel leaf. Cattle of group D was kept as infected control group. Fecal samples, body weight, hematological and biochemical parameters were examined before treatment and on 3^rd, 10^th, 17^th and 28^th day. A significant (p <0.01) reduction of EPG count was found following administration of garlic (20.41-40.81%), turmeric (6.09-19.27%) and betel leaf (2.91-9.8%) in cattle. The EPG count of the control group (D) were significantly (p <0.01) increased up to the last day of experimental period. After treatment with garlic and turmeric total erythrocyte count (TEC), hemoglobin (Hb) content and packed cell volume (PCV) were gradually increased significantly (p <0. 01 and p <0.05) in cattle. Conversely, the total leukocyte count (TLC) w ere decreased significantly (p <0. 01 and p <0.05) in treated cattle. On the other hand, TEC, Hb content and PCV were gradually increased significantly (p <0.01 and p <0.05) on day 3 and day 10 in betel leaf treated cattle but decreased on 17^th and 28^th day. Conversely, the total leukocyte count (TLC) were decreased significantly (p <0.01 and p <0.05) on day 3 and day 10 in betel leaf treated cattle but increased significantly (p <0. 01) on 17^th and 28^th day. The alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level were not significantly changed in the cattle. The body weight was increased significantly (p <0.01 and p <0.05) in garlic, turmeric and betel leaf treated cattle. On the other hand, body weight was decreased in untreated control group. The present study reveals that water extracts of garlic were moderately effective and turmeric and betel leaf were relatively less effective against gastrointestinal nematodes in cattle.

Keywords: Nematodes, Garlic, Turmeric, Betel leaf, Cattle

Location: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Start Date: 01-06-2005

End Date: 28-06-2005

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Cattle

Objectives:

1. To evaluate the efficacy of garlic, turmeric and betel leaf against gastrointestinal nematodes on the basis of fecal egg count in cattle.

2. To determine the effects of garlic, turmeric and betel leafs on hematological parameters

Methodology:

The experiment was performed in the Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Bangladesh Agricultural University Dairy Farm was selected as the site for this study. The research was carried out during the period from 1^st June, 2005 to 28^th June, 2005. Fifty cattle (2-3 years ap proximately) were selected for this study which were suspected to be suffering from natural gastrointestinal nematodes infection and they were marked at the ears by the numbered tag. Examination of fecal samples for gastrointestinal nematodes egg counts by floatation method were carried out over a week prior to commencement of treatment. On the basis of fecal sample examination results, 24 cattle of both sexes infected with gastrointestinal nematodes were selected for this study and randoml y divided into four groups, each group consisting of six (6) cattle. Group A : Water extract of garlic (Allium sativum, Linn.) bulbs was administered @ 100 mg/k g bwt orally. Group B : Water extract of turmeric (Curcuma longa, Linn.) rhizome was administered @ 100 mg/kg bwt orally. Group C : Water extract of Betel leaf (Piper betle, Linn.) leaves was administered @ 100 mg/k g bwt orally. Group D : Used as untreated control group. The fecal sample from all groups were examined by egg counting McMaster method before treatment (day 0) and at 3^rd, 10^th, 17^th and 28^th day of post-treatment. Eggs per gram (EPG ) of feces were recorded. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein of each cattle at different time intervals as mentioned above. Various hematological parameters (TEC, Hb, PCV and TLC) were measured. Biochemical (ALT and AST) parameters were also examined by auto-analyzer (Reflotron^® Plus) according to the method. To determine the body weight gain or loss of treated and untreated control groups, the main body weight was taken on day 0 (pretreatment) and on 3^rd, 10^th, 17^th and 28^th day of experimental period of cattle. Collected data were statistically analyzed between normal and treated values by Student 's t-test by using the computer statistical package programme of Microsoft Excel.

Source of Information: Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2008), 6 (1): 115–119.

Article Link (Online Journal): http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v 6i1.1349

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

It may be concluded that water extracts of garlic was moderately effective and turmeric and betel leaf were relatively less effective against gastrointestinal nematode infections in cattle. Of course the present study is a preliminary work on the medicinal plants in cattle in Bangladesh. However, further studies on its pharmacokinetic and toxic effects if any should be carried out before extensive field use in Bangladesh.

Knowledge Management: Journal