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Effect of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizer on the Milling and Physicochemical Properties of Aromatic Rice

M.F. Hossain
Department of Agronomy, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University Dinajpur, Bangladesh

M.S.U. Bhuiya
Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

M. Ahmed
Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

M.H Mian
Department of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The experiment was conducted at the Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University Farm, Dinajpur, Bangladesh during July to December of 2005 to observe the influence of organic, inorganic and integrated management of fertilizers on the milling and physicochemical properties of aromatic rice. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The experiment comprised five treatments viz., control (no fertilizer), recommended dose of chemical fertilizers (NPKSZn), well-decomposed cow dung at 10 t ha^-1, green manure at 15 t ha^-1 (Sesbania rostrata) and combination of recommended dose with green manure. Three varieties namely, Kataribhog, Badshabhog and BRRI dhan38 were used. Milling outturn, head rice outturn, grain elongation ratio, volume expansion ratio, protein content, amylose content and cooking time were significantly but grain length and length breadth ratio were not significantly affected by fertilizer. Highest percentage of milling outturn was recorded in green manure at 15 t ha^-1 and it was identical to control, application of cow dung at 10 t ha^-1 and combination of recommended dose of NPKSZn fertilizer with green manure (Sesbania rostrata) at 15 t ha^-1. Head rice outturn (63.96) was higher under green manure at 15 t ha^-1 and it was identical to control and recommended dose of NPKSZn fertilizer. Grain elongation ratio was higher in green manure at 15 t ha^-1 and it was identical to application of cow dung at 10 t ha^-1 .The highest protein content was found by recommended chemical fertilizer dose. All the studied parameters were significantly affected by varieties. The interaction between fertilizer and variety was insignificant in respect of all grain quality characteristics except head rice outturn, grain length and protein.

Keywords: Fertilizer, Cow dung, Green manure, Milling and physicochemical properties, Aromatic rice

Location: Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University Farm, Dinajpur, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-07-2005

End Date: 00-12-2005

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Rice

Objectives:

To study the effects of different organic and inorganic fertilizers on grain quality of aromatic rice.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted at the Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University Farm, Dinajpur, Bangladesh during July to December of 2005. The experimental field was a medium high land belonging to the non-calcareous dark gray floodplain soil under the agro-ecological zone (AEZ-1) of Old Himalayan Piedmont Plain.The soil texture of experimental site was loamy. The field was medium high land with low organic matter content and slightly acidic in reaction. The soil was rich in P and other nutrients were some extent lower compared to the critical level. Details of the nutrient status of initial soil are, pH -6.0, OM (%)-1.62, total N (%)- 0.08, available P (ppm)- 24.19, exchangeable K (cmol kg^-1)- 0.29, available S (ppm)- 14.38, available Zn (ppm)- 0.70, available Ca (cmol kg^-1)- 2.02, available Mg (cmol kg^-1)- 0.35, available Mn (ppm)- 4.0, available B (ppm)- 0.31, Cu (ppm)- 1.80 and available Fe (ppm)- 57.0. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The experiment consisted of five treatments viz., Control (T₁), Recommended dose of NPKSZn fertilizers (T₂), Cow dung at 10 t ha^-1 (T₃), Green manure at 15 t ha^-1 (T₄) and Recommended NPKSZn fertilizers + Green manure at 15 t ha^-1 (T₅). Three aromatic rice varieties namely, Kataribhog (V₁), Badshabhog (V₂) and BRRI dhan38 (V₃) were included in the experiment. The unit plot size was 4.0m × 2.5m. According to the experimental specification, no fertilizer was used under control treatment. (T₁), P, K, S and Zn were applied as basal through TSP 65 kg, MP 110 kg, gypsum 87 kg and ZnSO4 2.25 kg ha^-1 were applied at final land preparation. Nitrogen was applied in the form of urea at 138 kg ha^-1 in two equal splits at 20 and 45 days after transplanting (T₂), well decomposed sun dry cow-dung at 10 t ha^-1 was mixed in the specific plots at final land preparation (T₃), green manuring crop (Sesbania rostrata) was sown on 15 May with 40 kg seed ha^-1. Fifty day old crop was cut and incorporated at 15 t ha^-1in the same plots before 10 days of transplanting (T₄) and recommended dose of chemical fertilizer was applied with green manure at 15 t ha^-1 (T₅). Thirty-day-old seedlings were transplanted in the plots at a spacing of 20 cm × 15 cm using 3 seedlings hill^-1 on 15 July 2005. All other cultural practices were done uniformly as per recommendation. Whole plots were harvested to obtain grain yield. After drying, required of grain samples of appropriate sizes at 14% moisture content from each plot were taken randomly to record physicochemical parameters. Samples were milled raw and analyzed for physicochemical properties. Grain physicochemical properties were measured at Grain Quality and Nutrition Division Laboratory, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), Gazipur, Bangladesh. Milled rice outturn was determined by dehulling 200g rough rice in a Satake Rice Mill, followed by 75 second polishing in Satake Grain Testing Mill TM-05. Head rice outturn was determined by separating broken from milled rice by hand. Milled rice outturn and head rice outturn were expressed as percentage of rough and milled rice respectively. At least 4/5 length of whole milled grain was counted as unbroken for determining head rice outturn. Milled grain length and breadth were measured in mm by digital slide calipers. Protein content was calculated from nitrogen and it was determined by the micro Kjeldahl method. Aroma of cooked kernels was tested by the procedure of Sood and Siddiq. Volume of cooked and milled rice was measured by water displacement. Cooking time was measured when 90% of cooked rice was totally gelatinized. 10 grains are collected every min. until 9 of the 10 grains are without white core. Data were analyzed following the ANOVA technique and mean differences were adjudged with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT).

Source of Information: Thai Journal of Agricultural Science 2009, 42(4): 213-218

Article Link (Online Journal): www.thaiagj.org

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Application of green manure (Sesbania rostrata) at 15 t ha^-1 and recommended NPKSZn fertilizers with green manure (Sesbania rostrata) at 15 t ha^-1 produced significantly better quality grain than NPKSZn fertilizers application but not control in terms of high milling outturn, head rice outturn. Grain elongation ratio was better under the application of cow dung at 10 t ha^-1 and green manure (Sesbania rostrata) at 15 t ha^-1. The superior performance of these treatments might also be owing to improvement in physical, chemical and microbiological environment of soil favoring increased availability of plant nutrients. Whereas, sole use of some chemical fertilizer is supply few elements with high amount that is not sufficient to improve the quality of rice grain. On the other hand chemical fertilizers reduce the physical properties and microbiological activities of soil.

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