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Effect of Depth of Tillage and Manuring on Soil Physical Properties, Water Conservation, and Yield of Aman Rice (brri Dhan49) in Bangladesh

Baki, M. Z. I
Department of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Matin, M. A.
Department of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

*Jubayer, M. F.
Department of Food Technology and Rural Industries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Roy, T. K.
Department of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Wadud, A.
Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The experiment was conducted to study the effect of depth of tillage and manuring on soil physical properties, water conservation, and yield of rice (BRRI dhan49). The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with three tillage treatments in main plot and two manuring treatments in sub-plots. Tillage treatments were: no tillage (T_o), 0-10 cm deep tillage (T₁), and 10-20 cm deep tillage (T₂), and manuring treatments were: recommended dose of fertilizers at 90 kg N, 15 kg P, 40 kg K,10 kg S, and 2 kg Zn ha^-1 as urea, TSP, MoP, gypsum, and zinc sulphate respectively (F), and 70% of N plus rest of the recommended dose of fertilizers plus cow dung at 5 t ha^-1 (FM). Maximum bulk density of 1.68 g cm^-3 and minimum bulk density of 0.75 g cm^-3 were recorded under no tillage and deep tillage. In case of manuring, highest bulk density of 1.43 g cm^-3 and lowest bulk density of 0.86 g cm^-3 were observed under F and FM treatments respectively. Highest value of 47.62% moisture and 14.45% air filled porosity were measured in T₂ treatment. Lowest soil moisture (36.30%) and air-filled porosity (8.50%) were found in T_o treatment. In manuring, highest soil moisture (45.62%) and air-filled porosity (11.86%) were recorded in FM. Highest grain yield (4.62 t ha^-1) was found under T₂ treatment and lowest yield (3.23 t ha^-1) was obtained in control (T_o) treatment. Deep tillage favored better root growth and nutrient uptake resulting higher yield of rice.

Keywords: Bangladesh, Fertilizer, Urea, Soil, Rice, Grain yield.

Location:

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Land development productivity

Objectives:

Present investigation was undertaken

to study the changes in soil physical properties as influenced by depth of tillage and manuring treatment,
to investigate the effect of depth of tillage and manuring on the yield contributing characters and yield of rice as well as to examine the relationship among physical properties, yield contributing characters and yield of rice.

Methodology:

Site selection: The experiment was conducted at the Bangladesh Agricultural University Farm, under the Department of Soil Science, during Aman season from August to December. The soil belongs to the “Old Brahmaputra Floodplain” and Agro Ecological Zone-9. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design. There were two sets of experimental treatments viz. (i) three tillage practices arranged as main plot and (ii) two manuring treatments allocated into the sub plots. The treatments were replicated three times. Thus the total number of plot was eighteen. The unit plot size was 4m x 2.5m having spacing of plot to plot 1 m and block to block 1 m.

Fertilizer and manure application: The manuring was done with well decomposed cow dung (containing 1.2% N, 1% P, 1.6% K and 0.13% S) (BARC, 2005). The cow dung was applied after the first tillage operation and incorporated into the soil thoroughly. The land was fertilized by applying the recommended amount of N, P, K, S and Zn fertilizers i.e. Urea 195.65 kg ha^-1, TSP 75 kg ha^-1, MoP 80 kg ha^-1, Gypsum 55.56 kg ha^-1, and ZnSO₄ 5.60 kg ha^-1 as per recommendation of Fertilizer Recommendation Guide. Whole amount of TSP, MoP, Gypsum and Zinc sulphate were applied during final land preparation but the urea was applied in three splits; one third of urea was added at 12 days after transplanting, one third was applied at maximum vegetative growth stage and the rest of the urea was applied before panicle initiation stage of the crop i.e. 45 days after transplanting.

Collection and preparation of soil samples for determining physical properties of soil Initial soil sample: The initial soil sample (0-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil depth) was collected before final land preparation. The samples were taken by means of an auger from 18 different random spots covering the whole experimental plots. The composite sample was air dried and sieved through a 10-mesh sieve. This composite sample was stored in a clean plastic container for subsequent physical analysis. The soil samples were analyzed for the particle size distribution (Sand, silt and clay).

Methods for measuring physical properties of soil Soil texture: Textural classes were determined by hydrometer method as outlined by Bouyoucos (1927). The percentage of sand, silt, and clay were calculated as follows: % (Silt + Clay) = (C.H.R. after 40 seconds of sedimentation/W) × 100. % Clay = (C.H.R. after 2 hours of sedimentation/W) × 100. Where, C. H. R. = Corrected hydrometer reading. W = Weight of soil (g). % Sand = 100 -% (Silt + Clay), % Silt = % (Silt + Clay) - % Clay.

Source of Information: International Journal of Information Research and Review, Vol. 2, Issue, 01, pp. 274-283 January, 2015

Article Link (Online Journal): http://www.ijirr.com/sites/default/files/issues/0191.pdf

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

For the improvement and sustenance of soil fertility and productivity manuring needs to be practiced along with chemical fertilizers which would reduce the farmer’s initial cost of production and also help to sustain the soil ecosystem. No tillage practices should be discouraged for the farmers of Bangladesh. Because it gave downgraded soil physical and chemical conditions as well as poor yield of rice. The following conclusions might be drawn from the investigation: The depth of tillage and manuring treatments improve the physical properties of soil i.e. reduce the bulk density and increase the air-filled porosity and moisture content of soil. Deep tillage and recommended dose of fertilizers along with manuring gave the highest yield of rice. Manuring with chemical fertilizers showed a positive impact on soil physical properties and considerably increased the yield of rice.

Knowledge Management: Journal