M.A.I. Khan
Assistant Professor
Department of Agriculture Studies, Major General Mahmudul Hasan Adarsha College, Tangail
M.U. Ahmad
Professor
Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh
A. Momen
Professor
Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh
Plant extract, Nematode, Root knot, Bitter gourd, Teasle gourd
Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh
Pest Management
Preparation of soil and potting- At first, sandy loam soil, sand and well decomposed cowdung were taken at the ratio of 2:2:1 and mixed uniformly. Sandy loam soil was collected from the field of Bangladesh Agricultural University campus. Sand was collected from the river side of the Brahmaputra and well decomposed cowdung from the village Boyra. The mixed soil was sterilized with formalin at the rate of 30ml dissolved in 1000 ml water per cubic feet soil. After 72 hours, the polythene sheet was removed and the sterilized soil was exposed to air drying for 48 hours in order to removed excess vapor of formalin. Earthen pots were provided with a small broken piece of earthen pot at the bottom and filled with 5 kg sterilized and dried soil. Treatment of mustard oil cake, sawdust, ash and sawdust with ash were also mixed with soil separately at the rate of 122 kg/acre and poured in seventy pots, thirty five for each vegetable crop. Treatments were applied only one for each vegetable crop. Collection and surface sterilization of seed- Seeds of bitter gourd were collected from Mymensingh town and tubers of teasle gourd were collected from local farmers. Before sowing these seeds in the soil of earthen pots, surface sterilization was done with low concentration mercuric chloride solution (0.001%) for 1-2 minutes and subsequently rinsed thrice with sterilized distilled water. Sowing of seeds and after care of seedlings- Two uniform sized bitter gourd and teasle gourd seeds per pot were sown. After 10 days, the cotyledon leaves emerged from the soil. After germination of seeds, regular and uniform watering of the pots was done for proper establishment of the roots within the sterilized soil. Only one healthy seedling per pot was allowed to grow. When the plants were well established, one support with bamboo stick was given in pot soil for vine nature of both the vegetable crop. Design of experiment- Two sets of pot experiment were set up in the glasshouse. Each set contained 35 plants, one for bitter gourd and other for teasle gourd. In both the sets, plant extracts, mustard oil cake, sawdust, ash, sawdust with ash and Furadan 5G were used as treatments. Altogether, seven treatments including control were maintained in the following way: T1 = Control, T2 = 10 ml leaf extract of Dholkalmi, T3 = 25g Mustard oil cake, T4 = 25g Sawdust, T5 = 25g Ash, T6 = 12.5g + 12.5g Sawdust ash, T7 = 0.5g Furadan 5G/plant. Each treatment was replicated five times. Each set had 35 pots and each pot with single plant was arranged in glasshouse properly with random arrangement for the study of different growth characters like, galling incidence and the number of the nematodes at different growth stages of the plants. Preparation of inoculum and inoculation- Eggmasses were collected from the roots of brinjal cv. Singhnath which were previously inoculated individually with single eggmass of Meloidogyne javanica. For inoculation, six reddish brown mature eggmasses were placed in each pot around the standing plant in 2 holes three eggmasses on each side of the plant. Inoculation was done on the 28th April, 1999. Preparation of mustard oil cake- At first, 250g of mustard oil cake was taken in a bucket and mixed with required amount of water until it comes to a melting condition. Mustard oil cake paste thus prepared had been allowed to rot for 7 days keeping in a bucket. Preparation of Dholkalmi extract- Mature green leaves of Dholkalmi (Ipomoea fistulosa) were collected from different places of Bangladesh Agricultural University campus. The collected leaves were chopped after cleaning in running tap water. Then 25 g of leaves were macerated in a blender and soaked separately in 100 ml of distilled water. After two hours, sample were centrifuged and filtered. The filtrates were regarded as standard solution (S).
Application of Dholkalmi extract- Half standard(S/2) solution of the plant extract was used in ten pots, five for each set in both the experiments. The treatment was repeated three times during the experimental period at 10 days interval. Application of Furadan 5G granular- Furadan 5G was used in ten plots, five for each set in both the experiments at the rate of 500 mg/pot. Treatment was applied only once as side dressing for each vegetable crop. Different parameters studied- After 60 days of inoculation, plants were uprooted carefully to study the characters: i) Plant height ii) weight of shoot iii) Length of root iv) weight of root v) Number of galls/g fresh root vi) Number of adult male or female nematode, eggmasses, L2, L3 and L4 stages in 10 galls per treatments. Counting of galls- After washing, the roots were preserved in 5% formalin solution. The roots were cut into small pieces of 1 cm size and randomly 1 g of root was taken from the bulk to count the number of galls. Statistical analysis- Data on the length of plant and root, fresh weight of shoot and root, and number of galls/g of fresh root and number of adult male or female, eggmass, L2 L3 and L4 stage in 10 galls/treatment were analyzed statistically to find out the level of significance. The means for all the treatments were counted and the analysis of variance was studied by F-test for the treatment means and replication means. The mean differences were evaluated at P = 0.05 level by Duncan's New Multiple Range Test. Linear Correlation Co-efficient and regression equations were calculated with a standard statistical method.
Int. J. Sustain. Crop Prod. 9(3):15-21, (2014)
Journal