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Effect of Soil Salinity and Phosphorus on the Growth, Yield and Mineral Nutrition of Rice

M. A. Mazid Miah
Soil Chemistry Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur 1701, Bangladesh.

G. M. Panaullah
Soil Chemistry Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur 1701, Bangladesh.

M. Shamsur Rahman
Soil Chemistry Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur 1701, Bangladesh.

M. Ishaque
Soil Chemistry Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur 1701, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A greenhouse experiment was conducted with three levels of salinity (ECe 2.4, 6.0 and 11.8 dS/m), four levels of P (0, 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg soil) and two rice (a salt-tolerant experimental line, IR9884-54-3 and a salt-sensitive variety IR26). Salinity decreased plant height, shoot at 7 weeks after transplanting (WT), straw and grain yields of rice. The decrease was more prominent in IR26 than in IR9884-54-3. In general, the shoot, straw and grain yields were higher in IR9884-54-3 than in IR26. Application of P at rates as high as 100 mg/kg soil increased the shoot and straw yields at increased salinity level, while application of 50 mg P/kg soil increased grain yield over control. Salinity increased the concentration of N, Ca, Mg and Na in shoot and grain and those of N, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Zn and Cu in straw, but decreased the concentrations of K, Mn and Cu in shoot and straw and those of Fe, Zn and Cu in grain. The cultivar IR26 had a higher concentrations of Na and a lower concentration of K at increased salinity levels than had IR9884-54-3.

Keywords: Rice, Soil salinity, P levels, Yield, Mineral nutrition, Salt-sensitive, Salt-tolerant

Location: Green house of BRRI

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Soil salinity

Objectives:

To study the effect of salinity and P levels on the growth, yield and mineral nutrition of salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant rice.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted in the greenhouse. The soil was collected from the coastal saline tract (soil ECe 48.5 dS/m). The bulk soil was air dried and grounded to pass through 1.25 cm sieve. The soil was divided into three equal portions, each of which was placed in a separate tank in the greenhouse. In each tank, the soil was mixed thoroughly with an excess volume of demineralized water and allowed to stand overnight for settling. The supernatant water was siphoned off, and the process was repeated until the soil ECe's decreased to 11.8, 6.0 and 2.4 dS/m. Then the soil from each tank was taken out, air-dried and ground to pass through 1.25 cm screen. The chemical characteristics of the original soil and those after lowering the ECe to various levels. The treatments in this experiment consisted of three levels of salinity (ECe 2.4, 6.0 and 11.8), four levels of P (0, 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg soil), and two rice (salt-tolerant experimental line IR9884-54-3 and salt-sensitive variety IR26). All possible combinations of these treatments were tested. In each 16 litre pot 12 kg of soil was placed. Different doses of P as calcium phosphate were applied in the pots. The basic doses of N as urea and K as muriate of potash were 50 and 25 mg/kg soil respectively. The seedlings of IR9884-54-3 and IR26 were raised in culture solution in greenhouse. One day after flooding, six 15 day old seedlings were transplanted in each pot. The pots were placed in greenhouse tanks filled with water to minimize temperature fluctuations. The soils were kept submerged under 2-3 cm of demineralized water throughout the experiment. Soil solutions were recycled once every week to minimize stratification of salts. The plant were thinned to four plants per pot two weeks after transplanting (WT). The plants in the salinity level 11.8 dS/m could not survive and died within 2 WT. Plant height and tiller numbers were recorded at 6 WT and at maturity. After 7 WT, two plants were removed from each pot and their oven dry weights were recorded. The remaining two plants were harvested at maturity. At harvest, the straw and grain yields were recorded. Shoot, straw and grain samples were analysed for N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn using standard analytical procedures (Yoshida et el, 1976).

Source of Information: Bangladesh Rice J. 3(1&2): 1-5, 1992

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1.

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Increase in soil salinity, increased the concentration of N, Ca, Mg, Na and Fe in shoot, those of N, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Zn and Cu in straw and those of N, Ca, Mg, Na in grain but decreased the concentrations of K, Mn and Cu in shoot and straw and those of Fe, Zn and Cu in grain. In IR26, Na concentration was higher at ECe 6 than at ECe 2.4, in contrast K concentration at ECe 6.0 was lower in shoot, straw and grain. The decrease in K arid increase in Na concentration in IR26 with increased salinity level indicated an antagonism between Na and K. The increase in Na content and decrease in K content might have disturbed the nutritional balance, particularly K-Na, and thus resulted a lower yields of rice under high salinity.

Knowledge Management: Journal