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Response of Summer Onion to Potash and Its Application Methods

M.A. Islam
Department of Soil Science, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

A.T.M. Shamsuddoha
Department of Soil Science, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

M.S.I. Bhuiyan
Department of Soil Science, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Mirza Hasanuzzaman
Department of Agronomy, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A field experiment was conducted at On Farm Research Division (OFRD) of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh. Six different levels of potash viz. 0, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 kg ha^-1 and three application methods viz. basal, ½ basal + ½ at 20 DAT and basal + at 20 DAT + at 40 DAT were followed. A significant improved in different growth parameters and yield of onion was observed in response to different application methods and levels of potassium. Among the methods highest bulb yield (11.85 t ha^-1 ) was obtained from three split application of potassium and the lowest (11.49 t ha^-1 ) was obtained from application of basal doses of potassium. Yield contributing characters shows the similar trend of response of K like bulb yield. Application of potassium at 120 kg ha^-1 produced highest bulb yield (14.76 t ha^-1 ) and the further increase in the dose of potassium did not show any more increase in yield of summer onion. The lowest bulb yield (7.94 t ha^-1 ) was obtained from control (0 kg ha^-1 potassium). The combined effect of different levels of potassium and its application methods was statistically significant like three split application of 120 kg ha^-1 potassium gave the highest bulb yield (15.27 t ha^-1 ) and the lowest bulb yield (7.94 t ha^-1 ) was obtained from control. Three split application of 120 kg ha^-1 potassium may be considered to be optimum for getting higher yield of summer onion.

Keywords: Onion, Potassium, Application methods, Bulb, Yield

Location: On Farm Division of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur, Bangladesh.

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Fertilizer, Onion

Objectives:

To determine the proper doses of potash and their application method of fertilizer to optimize the yield of summer onion.

Methodology:

The research work was conducted at On Farm Division of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur, Bangladesh. The location of the farm is situated at 24°23´ N latitude and 90°08´ E longitude at an elevation of 8.4 m from the sea level. The soil of the experimental site belongs to Grey Terrace soil which falls under Inceptisol in soil taxonomy. Initial soil samples were silty clay with Bulk density: 1.42 g/cc, Particle density: 2.50 g/cc, pH: 6.10, Organic matter: 1.09%, Total nitrogen: 0.07%, Available Phosphorus: 20.00 ppm, Exchangeable potassium: 0.098 meq/100g and Available sulphur: 18.00 ppm. The climate of the experimental area is characterized by sub tropical accompanied by moderate high rainfall associated with relatively high temperature during kharif season. Summer onion variety BARI Peaj-2 (released in 2000) was used as a test crop in the present study. The experiment consisted of two factors viz. level of potassium and its application methods. There were six levels of K viz. K₀: Control (0 kg ha^-1 ), K₁: 30 kg ha^-1, K₂: 60 kg ha^-1, K₃: 90 kg ha^-1, K₄: 120 kg ha^-1 and K₅: 150 kg ha^-1 potassium. Three methods of application of potassium were used as B₀: Basal, B₁:½ Basal + ½ top dressing at 20 DAT, B₂: ¹/₃ Basal + ¹/₃ top dressing at 20 DAT + ¹/₃ top dressing at 40 DAT. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Completely Block design (RCBD) with three replications. The experimental plot was prepared uniformly by following proper cultural practices and mixed with well-decomposed cow dung and all the fertilizers following the recommendation. Except nitrogen and potassium al other fertilizers were applied to the soil during final land preparation. Urea was applied in three equal splits. The first split was applied during land preparation, the second split after 20 DAT and the third split after 40 DAT. The seedbed was 3 m × 1 m in size with a height of about 20 cm.The sprouted seeds (3-4 in number) of onion were sown directly in the raised seedbed. 50 days old seedlings were uprooted from the seedbeds and transplanted in the main field with the spacing of 15 cm × 10 cm in the afternoon. Intercultural operations were done whenever required like gap fillings, weeding and mulching. First irrigation was given just after transplanting and 2^nd was given 20 DAT followed by 3^rd irrigation was given 25 DAT. Insect and diseases were controlled with appropriate control measures. The plant height (cm), length of leaf (cm) and number of leaves per plant from the selected five plants in each plot was measured after 30, 50, 70 and 90 days after transplanting (DAT). The height was taken from the neck of the bulb to the tip of longest leaf and the length of leaf (cm) was measured from pseudo stem to the tip of the leaf and the number of leaves from per plant. The crops were harvested on maturity. Data of the five selected plants were recorded from each plot i.e. diameter of bulb per plant (cm), length of bulb per plant (cm), single weight of bulb (g), number of bulbs per plot and yield of bulb (t ha^-1 ). The collected data on various parameters of the study were statistically analyzed using MSTAT-C computer package program. The significance of the differences among the pairs of treatment means was evaluated by the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 5% level of probability.

Source of Information: American-Eurasian Journal of Agronomy 1 (1): 10-15, 2008, ISSN 1995-896X

Article Link (Online Journal): http://www.idosi.org/aeja/1(1)08/3.pdf

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The combined effect of different levels of potassium and its application methods was statistically significant like three split application of 120 kg ha^-1 potassium gave the highest bulb yield (15.27 t ha^-1) and the lowest bulb yield (7.94 t ha^-1) was obtained from control. Three split application of 120 kg ha^-1 potassium may be considered to be optimum for getting higher yield of summer onion.

Knowledge Management: Journal