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Field Performance and Genetic Analysis of Selected Tomato (lycopersicon Esculentum Mill.) Genotypes

R. Y. Mitul
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M. A. Haque
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

R. S. A. Rima
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

S. N. Begum
Plant Breeding Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The study was carried out in the field laboratory of the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding of Bangladesh Agricultural University in order to evaluate varietal performance and genetic variability of fourteen tomato genotypes based on morphological and biochemical characteristics. Tomato genotypes were collected from Genetics and Plant Breeding farm, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. The field experiment was conducted from October 2014 to March 2015 with Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) including three replications. Data for genetic analyses were collected on seven traits viz. days to first flowering, pollen grain fertility, days to first fruit maturity, individual fruit weight, plant height, ascorbic acid content and yield per plant. ANOVA showed significant variation among the tomato genotypes for all the traits. Wide range existed between minimum and maximum mean values for all the genotypes whereas genotype World champion had the maximum individual fruit weight with the highest yield. On the other hand, genotype CI-170-0-20-2-0 gave poor performance. Yield exhibited a positive significant correlation with individual fruit weight; and in path coefficient analysis, maximum positive direct effects were found through individual fruit weight followed by plant height, ascorbic acid content and days to first fruit maturity. In principal component analysis, the main three components contributed approximately 79.14% of total variability. Genotypes were classified into five clusters by Ward’s method including late maturing and low yield genotypes in cluster I, early flowering genotypes in cluster II, high yield with large fruited genotypes in cluster III, genotypes containing low ascorbic acid in cluster IV and genotypes having early maturity with small fruit but minimum pollen grains fertility rate in cluster V. Based on the present findings, World champion and Big cherry were considered as superior varieties among the fourteen genotypes and individual fruit weight might be considered as an important criteria for yield improvement.

Keywords: Genetic variability, Morphological characteristics, Biochemical characteristics, Tomato

Location: Genetics and Plant Breeding farm of Bangladesh Agricultural University

Start Date: 00-00-2014

End Date: 00-00-2015

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Tomato

Objectives:

The objectives of the study were to compare and study the field performance and genetic variability of tomato genotypes for yield and yield contributing characters and assess Principal Component Analysis of yield and other agronomic traits.

Methodology:

The investigation material comprised of fourteen tomato genotypes (i.e. Marglobe-II, Burpi big, Hekari, World Champion, Florida I, Homeastid, Big cherry, CI-170-0-20-2-0, Derinia, CI-3d-0-99, CI-3d-143-0-13, Hot sent, Okiton no.9, Manik) collected from the Genetics and Plant Breeding farm of Bangladesh Agricultural University; and the field trial was carried out in the experimental farm of the department of Genetics and Plant Breeding of the same university, in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Thus the total number of plots came to forty two (14×3). Plot size was 6.25 m2 (2.5m x 2.5m) with fourteen rows and five plants in each row. Row to row distance was 60 cm and plant to plant distance was 40 cm. During the growing period, the average maximum and minimum temperature was 28.77^oC and 18.97^oC, respectively; average relative humidity was 77.90%, and texturally, the soil was sandy loam with pH value of 6.5. The average monthly rainfall of the locality was 2.6 mm. The sowing was conducted on 20 October, 2014 and 30 days old seedlings were transplanted in the main field on 20 November, 2014. When the seedlings were well established, 1st mulching and weeding were done uniformly in all plots. Second weeding was done after 20 days of the first one. Mechanical support was provided to the growing plants by bamboo sticks to keep them erect. Data were collected on seven parameters namely; days to first flowering (days), pollen grain fertility (%), days to first fruit maturity (days), individual fruit weight (gm), plant height (cm), ascorbic acid content (mg %) and yield per plant (Kg) by individual plant basis. For counting the number of fertile and sterile pollen grains under microscope, four flowers per plant of each variety were taken in the laboratory where IKI (Iodine Potassium Iodide) was used to stain the pollen grains and mean of the fertile pollen grains expressed in percentage was estimated. Ascorbic acid was extracted with 6% metaphosphoric acid from well ripen tomato fruits and estimated by the method of Plummer (1971).
Analysis of variance of the data was performed by PLABSTAT software and then correlation coefficient was estimated by the formula suggested by Weber and Moorthy (1952) and path coefficient was made by Dewey and Lu’s (1959) formula. Principal Component Analysis was conducted by Holland (2008) method, and Dendrogram was constructed by Ward’s method based on squared Euclidean distance.

Source of Information: J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 14(1): 31–36, 2016

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Achievement/Findings:

The present experiment was conducted on seven characters of 14 genotypes of tomato for studying field performance and genetic diversity where the presence of wide diversity among the characters was found. Based on the present findings, World champion and Big cherry may be considered as superior varieties among the fourteen genotypes and individual fruit weight may be considered as an important criterion for yield improvement. This analysis could be beneficial for the further breeding program for utilizing the genotypes and for effective selection for boosting yield in tomato

Knowledge Management: Journal