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Response of Broccoli to Usg and Prilled Urea in Shallow Red-brown Terrace Soil Under Madhupur Tract

M. J. Hussain
Senior Scientific Officer
Soil & Water Management Section, Horticulture Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur

A. J. M. S. Karim
Professor
Department of Soil Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur

A. R. M. Solaiman
Professor
Department of Soil Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur

M. S. Islam
Professor
Department of Soil Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur

M. Rahman
Professor
Department of Hoticulture, BSMRAU, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A field experiment was conducted at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur during the period from 2012-13 to verify the effectiveness of urea super granule (USG) and prilled urea (PU) on the yield and quality of broccoli, to assess the comparative performance of USG and PU on nutrient uptake and nitrogen use efficiency and to evaluate the effect of USG and PU on post-harvest nutrient status in Shallow Red-Brown Terrace Soil of Madhupur Tract (AEZ-28). The experiment was designed in a randomized complete block with three replications having 5 treatments as T1: Control, T2: USG-N140, T3: USG-N160, T4: USG-N180 and T5: PU-N180. Result showed that USG performed better than PU. The comparative performance of USG in relation to yield, head quality (ascorbic acid, β-carotene and chlorophyll content), SPAD value, nutrient (NPKS) uptake and N use efficiency was found higher as compared to PU. USG treated broccoli plants gave significantly higher yield where the highest yield (13.49 ton ha-1) was recorded with USG-N160 kg ha-1. Moreover, USG showed higher β-carotene and chlorophyll content over PU and those were increased with increasing levels of N. However, ascorbic acid content was slightly decreased with increasing rate of N fertilizer. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake increased with increasing N rate upto USG- N180 but sulphur uptake was increased upto USG-N160. Nitrogen use efficiency was higher in USG treated plots than that of PU having the highest value of 111.71% with USG-N160 kg ha^-1. Post-harvest soil nutrient status was not significantly influenced by the treatments although it was slightly higher in USG as compared to PU. Considering all, USG @ 160 kg N ha^-1 (USG-N160) with other recommended fertilizers (@ 53 kg P, 83 kg K, 20 kg S, 2.0 kg Zn, 1 kg B and 0.8 kg Mo ha^-1) could be the best USG based fertilizer dose for quality broccoli production in Shallow Red-Brown Terrace Soil of Madhupur Tract.

Keywords: Broccoli, USG, Head quality, Chlorophyll content, Nitrogen use efficiency, Soil nutrient status

Location: Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University

Start Date: 00-00-2012

End Date: 00-00-2013

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Broccoli, Fertilizer

Objectives:

To attain this goal the present study was undertaken to verify the effectiveness of USG and PU on the yield and quality of broccoli, to assess the comparative performance of USG and prilled urea on nutrient uptake and N use efficiency and to evaluate the effect of USG and PU on post-harvest nutrient status in Shallow Red-Brown Terrace Soil under Madhupur Tract (AEZ-28).

Methodology:

A field experiment was conducted at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University during rabi season of 2012 – 2013. The soil of the experimental field belongs to Salna series representing the Shallow Red-Brown Terrace which falls under the order Inceptisols (FAO, 1988) representing Madhupur Tract (AEZ-28). Before setting up of the experiment, soil samples were collected from the experimental plots and different physico-chemical properties were analyzed. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications having 5 treatments comprised of different levels of USG and PU as- T1: Control (0 kg N), T2: USG-N140 (140 kg N as USG), T3: USG-N160 (160 kg N as USG), T4: USG-N180 (180 kg N as USG) and T5: PU-N180 (180 kg N as PU). Besides these, a blanket dose of nutrients @ 53 kg P, 83 kg K, 20 kg S, 2.0 kg Zn, 1 kg B and 0.8 kg Mo ha^-1 in the forms of TSP, MoP, gypsum, boric acid, zinc oxide and sodium molybdate, respectively were applied mostly on the basis of initial soil test value following FRG, 2012 to all plots except the control. Nitrogen was applied as per treatment in two forms as USG and PU. “Premium Crop” a high yielding variety of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica L.) collected from Taki seed company, Japan was used as a test crop. The unit plot size was 2.4 m × 2.7 m (6.48 m2) having plot to plot and block to block distances 0.75 m and 1.0 m, respectively. After proper land preparation, 25-day-old seedlings were transplanted in lines on November 20, 2012 maintaining a row to row and plant to plant distance 0.60 m and 0.45 m, respectively. Each plot was irrigated uniformly at every alternate day by watering can to bring the soil moisture at desired level. Weeding was done twice before first and second top dress. Earthing up was done to make a continuous line of ridges and furrows. For the establishment of crop, furrow irrigation was given at an interval of 7 days. MoP 50% and all other fertilizers except PU and USG were applied as broadcasting and incorporated in soil during final land preparation. Prilled urea was top-dressed in two equal splits at 15 and 35 DAT in a ring method. At 15 DAT, USG was placed at 7-8 cm below the surface and 9-10 cm apart from broccoli plant. The remaining 50% MoP was top-dressed at 15 DAT followed by irrigation. Harvesting was started on 25th January and continued up to 5th February, 2013. Data on yield and other parameters were collected as outlined by Liu et al. (1993). Initial and post-harvest soil samples were collected and analyzed for both physical and chemical properties. Plant samples were also collected and analyzed for N, P, K, S and B contents. SPAD reading using the instrument Minolta SPAD-502 meter were recorded at 5 days interval after the application of USG and PU. SPAD readings were taken on the tip of the leaf along with the midrib (mid-point) of the three youngest but fully expanded leaves of five randomly selected plants. Fifteen leaves were measured at random from each plot and a mean SPAD value was calculated according to Costa et al. (2003). Post-harvest soil analysis was done to assess soil nutrient status. Total N of soil was determined following the micro-Kjeldahl method according to Jackson et al. (1973). Available P was determined following the sodium bicarbonate extraction using Colorimetric method (Olsen et al., 1954). Exchangeable potassium of soil was determined from ammonium acetate (1N NH₄OAC) extract as described by Jackson (1973) using flame-photometer. Available sulphur in soil was determined by extracting the samples with CaCl₂ (0.15%) solution (Page et al., 1982) using spectrophotometer at 420 nm wave length followed by turbidimetrical method. Total B content was measured by colorimetric method (Hunter, 1980) measuring concentration using double beam spectrophotometer. (Model no. 200-20, Hitachi, Japan) at 555 nm wave length.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 43(4): 557-574, December 2018 ISSN 0258-7122 (Print), 2408-8293 (Online)

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Achievement/Findings:

From the above study it appeared that USG-N is superior to PU-N in terms of yielding ability and quality parameters (Vitamin-C, β-carotene, and chlorophyll content) of broccoli. Nutrient uptake, nitrogen use efficiency and post harvest soil-N were also found to be higher with the use of USG-N. Such performance of USG-N was better with USG-N160. Nitrogen application @ 160 kg-N ha-1 in the form of USG along with recommended dose of other fertilizers may be suggested as the best combination of N rate and form of application for maximizing the yield and quality of broccoli in Silty Clay Loam Soil under Madhupur Tract (AEZ-28).

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