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Control of Pulse Beetle, Callosobruchus Chinensis(l.) in Stored Gram Seed Using Sesame Oil

R Kamrunnaher*
Additional Agriculture Officer, Ishurdi, Pabna

M A Malek
Senior Instructor
ATI, Ishurdi, Pabna,

M Jabunnaher
Senior Monitoring and Evaluation Officer
SPCB Project, DAE, Khamarbari, Dhaka

Lutfunnahar
Additional Agriculture Officer
Gouripur, Mymensingh

MA Haque
Dept.of Entomology, BAU, Mymensingh

M Asaduzzaman
Dept.of Entomology, PSTU, Potuakhali.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Evaluation of sesame oil as seed protectant against pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) was carried out in the Laboratory of the Department of Entomology, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh. Efficacy of sesame oil was assessed at 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0% concentration on oviposition performance, development performance, seed damage and weight loss done by C. chinensis. The results indicated that sesame oil at all the doses tested had significant effects on all the parameters observed and the effects were dose-dependent. Significantly the lowest numbers of egg bearing seeds (17.00) were found in 4.0% concentration followed by 34.67 in 2.0%, 61.64 in 1.0% and 72.67 in 0.5% concentrations compared to 91.00 in control. Similarly, significantly the lowest number of eggs/100 seeds (18.00) was found in 4.0% concentration but the highest number of eggs (185.00) was found in control. The highest adult emergence (139.67) was recorded in control but the lowest (12.00) at 4.0% concentration. The maximum damaged seeds were observed in control (77.33 seeds/100 seeds) followed by 0.5% (67.01 seeds/l00 seeds). 1.0% (54.00 seeds/l00 seeds) and 2.0% (20.00 seeds/l00 seeds). The lowest seed damaged(11.00/100 seeds) was found in 4.0% concentration. The highest weight loss (16.24%) was recorded in control but the lowest (3.67%) at 4.0% concentration. Sesame oil might possess anti-ovipositional, insecticidal and seed protectant properties against pulse beetle. Therefore, sesame oil may be useful for protection of pulse seeds against infestation of C. chinensisin gram seed storage.

Keywords: Pulse beetle, Callosobrucuss chinensis, Gram seed, Damage, Control, Sesame oil

Location: Stored grain in BAU Entomology laboratory

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Extract (plant, seed)

Objectives:

The present research work was undertaken to determine the effect of sesame oil on the oviposition performance, development, seed damage and weight loss that is done by C. chinensis.

Methodology:

An experiment with the efficacy of sesame oil asseed protectant against pulse beetle on stored grain in BAU Entomology laboratory. For conducting the experiment pulse beetle Callosobruchus chinensis and gram seeds and sesame oil were collected.Mass culture of C. chinenis One thousand (1000g) gram of fresh gram seed are collected from the local market and kept in a glass container. C.chinensis were obtained from the laboratory culture. Laboratory of Entomology, BAU, Mymensingh where culture had been maintained for several generations. The beetles were released in a glass container for mating and oviposition upto maximum in 7 days. The head of the container was covered with nylon cloth. After oviposition, the adult beetles were removed and fresh seeds were poured in the jar. The newly emerged beetles were again allowed to oviposit on fresh seeds in different container to maintain stock culture throughout the study period. Preparation of sesame oil doses Four different doses of sesame oil such as 4.0, 2.0, and 1.0and 0.5% were prepared. To prepare 4% concentration, 4 ml of sesame oil was taken in conical flusk with the help of pipette then 96 ml of distilled water was added. In this way 2 ml in 98 ml, 1 ml in 99 ml and 0.5ml sesame oil in 99.5 ml distilled water were added to prepare 2%, 1% and 0.5% concentration.Seed treatment with different doses of sesame oil One thousand seeds were randomly taken from the collected sample, weighted and kept in a petridish.From each prepared concentration 0.5 ml was taken then applied on seeds by dropping. Later on they were properly mixed and kept sometime for air drying.Distilled water was applied only on control. Each concentration was replicated three times. Oviposition performance Four pairs of newly emerge pulse beetle were kept in each petridish for egg layingfor each concentration and then covered. The adult beetles were removed after 4 days and the eggs laid on gram seeds were counted. Number of egg bearing seeds, eggs per seed and total number of eggs were recorded and left undisturbed for further development. Developmental performance After completion of larval development inside the seed, adult emergence occurred. The adult emerged after 21 days of egg laying and continued for several days. Assessment of damage and weight loss After adult emergence the seeds were examined to assess the damage done in gram seeds after the feeding during larval stages. All the seeds were examined carefully to observe the number of holes on the surface made by C. chinensis. Seeds with holes were considered as damaged seeds and were counted and recorded. To asses weight loss gram seeds were separated from dust and body parts of pulse beetle by sieving and winnowing. The cleaned seeds in each petridish were weighed separately. Weight loss of gram seeds calculated by subtracting the final weight from the initial weight before releasing the pulse beetle.

Source of Information: Eco-friendly Agril. J. 10 (11):119-123, 2017 (November)

Article Link (Online Journal): www.efaj-international.com

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Since currently, store grain insect pests management solely depends on chemical insecticide that has tremendous impact on environment, biodiversity, animal as well human health, the findings of this study can be used to explore more effective botanical oils as biopesticide for store grain insect pests in Bangladesh. Based on this report, neem oil would be an effective biopesticide for controlling pulse beetle in stored products in house or other store godowns.

Knowledge Management: Journal