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Temperature Changes Alter the Acute Toxicity Responses of Cypermethrin in Zebrafish

MH Uddin
Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

MS Alim
Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

SMM Islam
Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

H Rashid
Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

M Shahjahan
Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The study was carried out to determine the effect of temperature changes on acute toxicity of pyrethroid pesticide cypermethrin in zebrafish. A two-day renewal bioassay system for 96h was conducted to find out LC₅₀ value of cypermethrin at two temperature regimes i.e. 25°C and 30°C considering as T₁ and T₂, respectively. During the determination of LC₅₀ in both temperatures, blood glucose (mg/dL) levels were measured at lower concentration (0.25 µg/L) of cypermethrin. The results of acute toxicity test at 96h LC₅₀ values were calculated through probit analysis. It was found that 96h LC₅₀ for T₁ and T₂ groups were about 2.1 and 1.4 µg/L, respectively. Significantly lower LC₅₀ of cypermethrin at T₂ compared to T₁ showed that higher temperature increased the toxicity of cypermethrin. There was a significant increase (P<0.05) in blood glucose level (mg/dL) in 0.25 µg/L compared to 0 µg/L concentration of cypermethrin at both treatments. Dissolved oxygen decreased and free CO₂ increased significantly (P<0.05) with increasing temperature, while the pH of the water was almost unchanged throughout the study period. The present study indicated the impact of increased temperature on pesticide toxicity in the aquatic ecosystem.

Keywords: Temperature, Acute toxicity, Cypermethrin, Blood glucose, Fish, Zebrafish

Location: Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Risk Management in Agriculture

Commodity: Aquatic animal

Objectives:

To elucidate the effects of temperature on acute toxicity of cypermethrin in zebrafish, Danio rerio.

Methodology:

Experimental fish: Healthy and active specimens of zebrafish, Danio rerio with a length of 3.0 ± 1.0 cm and body weight 1.0 ± 0.78 g were collected from different ponds around the faculty building of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University. The fish were maintained in aquaria of 20L capacity at 25 ± 0.5°C and the medium of aquaria renewed daily which is performed under a controlled natural photo-regimen (14/10 h, light/dark) for a period of 21 days with adequate aeration facility before the experiments. The fish were fed twice a day. Test chemicals: Commercial grade pesticide cypermethrin 10EC was collected from Mymensingh town and used as the test chemical to conduct the experiment and for the determination of LC₅₀ of cypermethrin. Experimental design and determination of LC₅₀: The present experiment was conducted at two different temperature regimes i.e. 25°C and 30°C considering as treatment one (T₁) and treatment two (T₂), respectively. The required temperature was maintained by using thermostat (REI-SEA, Japan, 300 WATTS) and adequate aeration was maintained throughout the experimental period. To acclimatize the fish to high temperature, temperature was gradually increased (1°C per 12h) from normal temperature (25°C) to the target temperature conditions (30°C). A two-day renewal bioassay system for zebrafish was used to determine the LC₅₀ value of cypermethrin at defined temperature conditions, following exposure of 96h according to the standard method of American Public Health Association (APHA, 2005). Ten fish were transferred into each aquarium used to find out the range for the ultimate test. Each treatment of the experiment was performed in triplicate with five test concentrations (100 L) of narrow range and a control was also maintained as given below: T₁ (25°C): 0.25, 0.50, 1, 2, 4 and 8 µg/L cypermethrin along with a control (without cypermethrin). T₂ (30°C): 0.25, 0.50, 1, 2, 4 and 8 µg/L cypermethrin along with a control (without cypermethrin). Mortality was assessed at 24, 48, 72, and 96h after reached the desired temperature conditions and dead fishes were removed immediately. Several behavioral changes, such as reduced activity, equilibrium imbalance, abnormal swimming and motion inactivity of the fish were observed during the exposure period. Measurement of blood glucose: During the determination of LC₅₀ in both temperature conditions, blood glucose (mg/dL) levels were measured at lower concentration (0.25 µg/L) of cypermethrin. Blood was collected from the caudal peduncle and immediately analyzed for the estimation of glucose (mg/dL). Blood glucose (mg/dL) was measured by EasyMate GHb, blood glucose/hemoglobin dual-function monitoring system using glucose strips. Water quality parameters: Some water quality parameters such as dissolved oxygen (mg/L), free CO₂ (mg/L) and pH were measured during the experimental period. Dissolved oxygen (mg/L) was measured by a DO meter (Model DO5509, Lutron, Taiwan) and pH by a portable pH meter (Model RI 02895, HANNA Instruments Co.). The free CO₂ (mg/L) was measured using phenolphthalein indicator and 0.0227N NaOH titrant.Statistical analysis: Values were presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD). Data were analyzed by one- way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s post hoc test to assess statistically significant differences among the different temperature and different sampling days. Statistical significance was set at P<0.05. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS Version 14.0 for Windows (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL).

Source of Information: Progressive Agriculture 29 (1): 64-70, 2018

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

In the present investigation, high temperature exposure resulted in a significant increase in plasma glucose concentration without any mortality, demonstrating the response of exposed fish to metabolic stress.

Knowledge Management: Journal